Actinopteri - Clupeiformes - Clupeoidei
Parent taxon: Clupeoidei according to R. Betancur et al. 2013
See also Agiadi et al. 2020, Applegate 1970, Bannikov 2014, Carnevale 2007, Carnevale and Godfrey 2018, Constantin 1999, Danil'chenko 1960, Danil'chenko 1967, David 1943, Fierstine et al. 2012, Gaemers 1984, Grande 1982, Hay 1902, Jordan 1921, Jordan 1963, Khajuria and Prasad 1998, Kovalchuk et al. 2020, Leidy 1873, Marramá and Carnevale 2015, Murray et al. 2005, Nelson et al. 2016, Přikryl et al. 2016, Purdy et al. 2001, Thurmond and Jones 1981 and Weiler 1938
Sister taxa: Ancylostylidae, Chirocentridae, Clupavidae, Clupeoidea, Cromeriidae, Dorosomidae, Dussumieriidae, Engraulidae, Engrauloidea, Erythrinolepidae, Macristiidae, Notogoneidae, Pristigasteridae
Subtaxa: Alisea Alosa Alosinae Anchoa Audenaerdia Bolcaichthys Brevoortia Chasmoclupea Clupea Clupeidarum Clupeinae Dorosomatinae Dussumieria Ehiravinae Eoalosa Epelichthys Etringus Ganoessus Ganolytes Hypsospondylus Nolfia Opisthonema Pellonula Pellonulinae Pomolobus Quisque Sardina Sarmatella Spratelloides Trollichthys Waihaoclupea Wisslerius Xenophanis Xenothrissa Xyne Xyrinius
Ecology: nektonic carnivore
Distribution:
• Haweran of New Zealand (1 collection)
• Quaternary of Canada (3: Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Quebec), Greece (4), Italy (2), Japan (1), Turks and Caicos Islands (1), United States (7: California, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Virginia)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of Italy (1)
• Pliocene of Australia (1), Cyprus (1), Ecuador (1), Greece (11), Italy (3), New Zealand (1), United States (2: Florida, North Carolina)
• Miocene to Pliocene of United States (1: California)
• Neogene of Indonesia (1)
• Miocene of Algeria (6), Austria (1), Azerbaijan (4), Belgium (1), Chile (2), Croatia (2), Cyprus (1), the Czech Republic (1), France (4), Germany (3), Greece (9), Indonesia (1), Italy (24), Japan (12), Kazakhstan (1), New Zealand (9), North Korea (1), Panama (2), Peru (9), Romania (4), the Russian Federation (4), Slovakia (1), Spain (2), Ukraine (2), United States (25: California), Venezuela (1)
• Waitakian of New Zealand (2)
• Oligocene to Miocene of Georgia (1), the Russian Federation (1), United States (1: California)
• Oligocene of Azerbaijan (1), the Czech Republic (3), Egypt (1), France (3), Georgia (1), Germany (3), Hungary (2), New Zealand (1), Poland (2), Romania (4), the Russian Federation (3), Ukraine (1), United States (1: Louisiana), Venezuela (1)
• Eocene to Oligocene of Argentina (1)
• Eocene of Australia (1), France (1), Germany (1), Italy (3), New Zealand (3), Peru (1), Spain (2), the United Kingdom (1), United States (9: California, Wyoming)
• Paleocene of Denmark (1), Greece (2), Mexico (1)
• Cretaceous of Antarctica (1), Brazil (2), Croatia (1), Germany (2), India (4), Lebanon (2), Mexico (2), Portugal (1)
Total: 248 collections including 375 occurrences