Full reference: R. Owen. 1861. Palaeontology, or a Systematic Summary of Extinct Animals and their Geological Relations. Second Edition. Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh 1-463
Parent taxon: Therapsida according to J. A. Hopson and J. W. Kitching 2001
See also Battail and Surkov 2000, Botha et al. 2007, Broom 1913, Carroll 1988, Colbert and Kitching 1977, Fox et al. 1992, Gaetano et al. 2022, Gauthier et al. 1989, Gregory 1910, Haughton and Brink 1954, Huene 1954, Kuhn 1946, Kuhn 1971, Martinez et al. 2013, Olson 1966, Osborn 1903, Osborn 1903, Osborn 1904, Owen 1861, Roxo 1937, Rubidge and Sidor 2001 and Zittel 1890
Sister taxa: Anomodontia, Biarmosuchia, Brontopus, Dicynodontipus, Eoraetia, Eotheriodontia, Eutherapsida, Gorgonopsia, Moltenotetrapodiscus, Novocynodon kutorgai, Raranimus, Rubidginia, Stathmodon, Tetraceratops, Therocephalia, Tricuspes, Tritylodontia
Subtaxa: Aelurosuchus Charassognathidae Chronoperatidae Cromptodon Cynognathidae Cynognathoidea Dromatherium Dviniidae Epicynodontia Gaumia Gomphodontidae Hahnia Hwanghocynodon Kunminia Madysauridae Mammaliamorpha Masitisitherium Mitredon Nythosaurus Procynosuchidae Riograndidae Therioherpetidae Thrinaxodontidae Tritylodontidae