Echinoidea - Calycina - Phymosomatidae
Full reference: A. Pomel. 1883. Classification méthodique des échinides vivants et fossiles. Adolphe Jourdan, Alger 1-131
Parent taxon: Phymosomatoida according to A. Kroh and A. B. Smith 2010
See also Fell and Pawson 1966, Geys 1980, Geys 1982, Geys and Jagt 1986, Linder et al. 1988, Manso and Andrade 2008, Nisiyama 1966, Parma and Casadío 2005, Smith 1991, Smith 1995 and Wagner 1972
Sister taxa: Boletechinus, Cottaldia, Diplopodiidae, Emiratiidae, Gauthiosoma, Heterodiadematidae, Leioechinus, Polydiadematidae, Trochotiara, Zeugopleurus
Subtaxa: Acanthechinus Actinophyma Aeolopneustes Cosmocyphus Dixieus Gauthieria Glyptocidaris Glyptocyphus Hemithylus Jacquiertia Lambertechinus Leptechinus Micropsis Narindechinus Phymosoma Phymosomatinae Pleurodiadema Plistophyma Polyplacidia Porosoma Rachiosoma Thylechinus Winkleria
Ecology: slow-moving low-level epifaunal omnivore
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Japan (2 collections)
• Miocene of Cuba (1)
• Oligocene of Japan (1), United States (2: North Carolina, Oregon)
• Eocene of Cuba (1), Germany (1), Italy (1), Qatar (2), Turkey (1), the United Kingdom (1), United States (3: Florida, North Carolina)
• Paleocene of Argentina (3), Denmark (3), Mexico (1), the Netherlands (2), Nigeria (1), United States (3: New Jersey)
• Cretaceous to Paleogene of the Netherlands (2)
• Cretaceous of Belgium (34), Brazil (10), Bulgaria (1), Cuba (1), Egypt (24), France (16), Germany (4), Hungary (2), Israel (1), Kazakhstan (2), Mexico (1), Mozambique (1), the Netherlands (20), Portugal (1), Spain (12), Switzerland (5), USSR (1), the United Arab Emirates (2), the United Kingdom (6), United States (9: Alabama, Mississippi, Texas, Wyoming)
• Jurassic of France (1), Germany (1), Poland (3)
Total: 189 collections including 235 occurrences