Full reference: A. G. Fischer. 1966. Spatangoids. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part U. Echinodermata. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Boulder and Lawrence 3(2):U543-U628
Parent taxon: Spatangoida according to A. Kroh and A. B. Smith 2010
See also Fischer 1966 and Parma and CasadÃo 2005
Sister taxa: Allotoxaster, Amoraster, Apoxypetalum, Archaeopneustes, Asterostomatina, Barnumia, Brissidina, Brissoides, Cagaster, Cestobrissus, Cottreaucorys, Echinocoridae, Enichaster, Gonzalezaster, Hemiasteridae, Hemiasterina, Homoeopetalus, Hypselaster, Kertaster, Leymeriaster, Mundaster, Murraypneustes, Neoproraster, Niponaster, Nudobrissus, Orthaster, Palaeostomidae, Paleopneustina, Paraheteraster, Peraspatangus, Peroniaster, Pictaviechinus, Pliotoxaster, Pseudogibbaster, Pseudolinthia, Pseudowashitaster, Pusillaster, Royasendia, Somalechinus, Somaliasteridae, Spatagobrissus, Tessieria, Toxasteridae, Toxasterina, Wuarnia
Subtaxa: Aeropsidae Micrasteridae Ovulasteridae Plesiasteridae
Ecology: slow-moving shallow infaunal deposit feeder-detritivore
Distribution:
• Miocene of Cuba (1 collection)
• Paleocene of Argentina (1), Austria (2), Denmark (1), Egypt (1), France (1), the Netherlands (1), Spain (2)
• Cretaceous to Paleogene of the Netherlands (2)
• Cretaceous of Antarctica (1), Argentina (1), Austria (3), Belgium (7), the Czech Republic (1), Egypt (2), France (11), Germany (41), Japan (2), the Netherlands (3), Poland (1), Serbia and Montenegro (1), Spain (64), Tunisia (2), Turkmenistan (10), the United Kingdom (4), United States (15: Arkansas, Mississippi, Texas)
Total: 181 collections including 221 occurrences