Echinoidea - Spatangoida - Toxasteridae
Full reference: J. Lambert. 1920. Etude sur quelques formes primitives de Spatangidés. Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Historiques et Naturelles de l’Yonne 73:1-41
Parent taxon: Spatangoida according to A. Kroh and A. B. Smith 2010
See also Fischer 1966
Sister taxa: Allotoxaster, Amoraster, Apoxypetalum, Archaeopneustes, Asterostomatina, Barnumia, Brissidina, Brissoides, Cagaster, Cestobrissus, Cottreaucorys, Echinocoridae, Enichaster, Gonzalezaster, Hemiasteridae, Hemiasterina, Homoeopetalus, Hypselaster, Kertaster, Leymeriaster, Micrasterina, Mundaster, Murraypneustes, Neoproraster, Niponaster, Nudobrissus, Orthaster, Palaeostomidae, Paleopneustina, Paraheteraster, Peraspatangus, Peroniaster, Pictaviechinus, Pliotoxaster, Pseudogibbaster, Pseudolinthia, Pseudowashitaster, Pusillaster, Royasendia, Somalechinus, Somaliasteridae, Spatagobrissus, Tessieria, Toxasterina, Wuarnia
Subtaxa: Adytaster Aphelaster Douvillaster Enallaster Enallopneustes Heteraster Isaster Macraster Mokotibaster Polydesmaster Toxaster
Ecology: slow-moving shallow infaunal deposit feeder-detritivore
Distribution:
• Paleocene of Austria (1 collection), Turkey (1)
• Cretaceous of Algeria (6), Angola (1), Chile (3), China (1), Colombia (1), Egypt (6), France (132), Hungary (1), Japan (1), Madagascar (5), Mexico (8), Morocco (5), Mozambique (2), New Zealand (1), Peru (12), Portugal (33), Romania (1), Serbia and Montenegro (1), Spain (8), Switzerland (22), Turkmenistan (1), the United Kingdom (10), United States (3: Texas), Yemen (1)
• Jurassic to Cretaceous of Chile (1)
Total: 268 collections including 308 occurrences