Actinopteri - Spariformes - Sparidae
Alternative spelling: Sparoidei
Parent taxon: Spariformes according to R. Betancur-R et al. 2013
See also Bannikov 2014, Carnevale et al. 2014, Casier 1966, Danil'chenko 1980, David 1943, Day 2002, Gaemers 1984, Jordan 1963, Mors et al. 2000, Nolf and Dockery 1993, Purdy et al. 2001, Schwarzhans 2003, Schwarzhans and Bratischko 2011, Szabo et al. 2017 and Weems 1999
Sister taxa: Centracanthidae, Lethrinidae, Nemipteridae
Subtaxa: Abromasta Archosargus Dentex Dentex microdon Dentex ventralis Dentinae Diplodus Ellaserrata Pagellus Pagrosomus Pagrus Pseudosparnodus Sciaenurus Sparidarum Sparnodus Sparus Spicara
Ecology: nektonic omnivore
Distribution:
• Quaternary of France (1 collection), Greece (1), Italy (4), Spain (1), United States (3: Florida, Georgia)
• Pliocene of Angola (1), Italy (2), Libya (1), Morocco (1), Portugal (1), United States (3: Florida, North Carolina)
• Hemphillian of Costa Rica (1)
• Miocene of Algeria (3), Argentina (4), Austria (3), Colombia (1), Costa Rica (2), the Czech Republic (3), France (4), Germany (3), India (1), Indonesia (1), Italy (5), Japan (1), Kazakhstan (1), Panama (1), Poland (1), Portugal (1), Saudi Arabia (1), Slovakia (1), South Africa (1), Spain (8), Sri Lanka (2), Turkey (1), United States (4: California, Florida, Virginia)
• Oligocene of Belgium (1), France (1), Germany (4), Hungary (3), Oman (2), United States (2: Louisiana, South Carolina)
• Eocene of Antarctica (2), Germany (1), Italy (1), Libya (1), Namibia (1), Nigeria (2), the United Kingdom (11), United States (2: Louisiana, Virginia)
• Paleocene of Denmark (3), Ukraine (1), United States (1: Alabama)
• Cretaceous of Argentina (1), Brazil (1), France (6)
Total: 120 collections including 203 occurrences