Craniata - Craniida - Craniidae
Invalid subtaxa: Craniella Oehlert 1911 [replaced name], Philhedrella Kozlowski 1929
Parent taxon: Craniidae according to A. Williams et al. 2000
See also Hoare 1961, Mitchell 1977, Sepkoski 2002 and Wright 1963
Sister taxa: Acanthocrania, Ancistrocrania, Celidocrania, Conocrania, Crania, Craniscus, Danocrania, Deliella, Isocrania, Lepidocrania, Mesocrania, Nematocrania, Neocrania, Orthisocrania, Philhedra, Pseudocrania, Venetocrania, Westralicrania, Xenocrania
Subtaxa: Petrocrania diabloensis Petrocrania dodgei Petrocrania dubia Petrocrania exasperata Petrocrania famelica Petrocrania hamiltoniae Petrocrania meduanensis Petrocrania modesta Petrocrania mullochensis Petrocrania ourayensi Petrocrania prona Petrocrania quadrata Petrocrania reversa Petrocrania scabiosa Petrocrania septifera Petrocrania teretis Philhedrella siluriana
Type: Craniella meduanensis
Ecology: stationary epifaunal suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Permian of United States (31: Kansas, Texas collections), Venezuela (2)
• Carboniferous of Belgium (1), the United Kingdom (1), United States (35: Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Montana, New Mexico, Ohio, Texas)
• Givetian of United States (1: Missouri)
• Devonian of Canada (2: Alberta, Ontario), China (1), the Czech Republic (1), Germany (1), Luxembourg (2), South Africa (1), United States (49: Iowa, Missouri, Montana, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania)
• Silurian of Canada (1: Quebec), China (1), the United Kingdom (1), United States (1: Indiana)
• Letna of the Czech Republic (1)
• Chazyan of United States (5: New York, Vermont)
• Arenig of the United Kingdom (1)
• Ordovician of Canada (5: Ontario, Quebec), China (4), the Czech Republic (2), Ireland (3), Myanmar (1), Norway (2), Portugal (1), Sweden (1), the United Kingdom (11), United States (124: Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, Wyoming)
• Tremadoc of the Czech Republic (1)
Total: 294 collections including 302 occurrences
Specimen images are retrieved through the ePANDDA API.