Actinopteri - Centrarchiformes
Parent taxon: Percomorpharia according to R. Betancur et al. 2013
Sister taxa: Acanthuriformes, Acropomatidae, Caesionidae, Caproidae, Centrogenyidae, Chaetodontidae, Cirrhitiformes, Emmelichthyidae, Enoplosidae, Ephippiformes, Epigonidae, Gerreidae, Haemulidae, Howellidae, Kuhliidae, Kyphosidae, Labriformes, Lateolabracidae, Leiognathidae, Lobotidae, Lophiiformes, Lutjanidae, Malacanthidae, Monodactylidae, Moronidae, Oplegnathidae, Pempheriformes, Percichthyidae, Perciformes, Polyprionidae, Pomacanthidae, Priacanthidae, Scatophagidae, Sciaenidae, Siganidae, Sillaginidae, Sinipercidae, Spariformes, Terapontidae, Tetraodontiformes, Uranoscopiformes
Subtaxa: Centrarchidae Elassomatidae
Ecology: nektonic omnivore
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Canada (1: Quebec collection), United States (17: California, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Michigan, South Dakota, Texas, Virginia)
• Hemphillian of United States (2: California, Kansas)
• Miocene of United States (4: Idaho, Kansas, Nebraska, Texas)
• Eocene of United States (1: Wyoming)
Total: 25 collections including 45 occurrences