Amphibia - Salientia - Bufonidae
Parent taxon: Neobatrachia according to C. Gissi et al. 2006
See also Böhme 2010, Carroll 1988, Cope 1875, Frank and Ramus 1996, Gadow 1898, Hoegg et al. 2004, Holman et al. 1990, Kuhn 1946, Sanchiz 1998 and Venczel and Stiuca 2008
Sister taxa: Arariphrynus, Australobatrachia, Ceratophryidae, Ceratophrynidae, Cratia, Eurycephalella, Heleophrynidae, Hungarobatrachus, Hyloidea, Mariliabatrachus, Primaevorana, Ranoidea, Sooglossidae, Telmatobiidae
Subtaxa: Anaxyrus Bufo Bufotes Epidalea Peltophryne Rhinella
Ecology: amphibious carnivore
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Austria (1 collection), Belgium (1), Bolivia (2), Canada (2: British Columbia, Quebec), Chile (1), Croatia (1), France (25), Georgia (1), Germany (8), Greece (14), Hungary (9), India (1), Italy (14), Japan (1), Malta (1), Mexico (2), Morocco (2), the Netherlands (1), Niger (1), Northern Mariana Islands (2), Peru (1), the Philippines (2), Poland (10), Romania (1), Spain (26), Tunisia (1), the United Kingdom (23), United States (65: Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Sussex, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia)
• Blancan of United States (5: Arizona, Kansas, Nebraska)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of France (1), Hungary (3)
• Pliocene of Argentina (8), Greece (5), Hungary (7), Italy (3), Morocco (1), Poland (3), Romania (1), Slovakia (1), Spain (5), Turkey (2), United States (1: Oregon)
• Hemphillian of Mexico (1), United States (8: Arizona, Florida, Indiana, Kansas, Nebraska)
• Miocene to Pliocene of Argentina (1)
• Miocene of Austria (2), Canada (1: Saskatchewan), Chile (1), China (2), Colombia (1), the Czech Republic (1), Germany (4), Hungary (2), Italy (4), Kazakhstan (2), Moldova (2), Romania (2), the Russian Federation (2), Slovakia (1), Spain (2), Turkey (1), Ukraine (1), United States (15: Florida, Kansas, Louisiana, Nebraska, South Dakota)
• Oligocene of United States (1: Florida)
• Eocene to Miocene of France (1)
• Eocene of Switzerland (1)
• Paleocene of France (1)
• Cretaceous of Portugal (1)
Total: 326 collections including 446 occurrences