Subphylum Craniota (vertebrate)
Parent taxon: Vertebrata according to H. Gadow 1898
Sister taxa: Acrania, Agnatha, Ammopus, Anaspidomorphi, Apedolepis, Artenolepis, Cephalaspidomorpha, Cyclostomata, Cyclostomi, Eosaurus, Eotetrapoda, Galeaspida, Gnathostomata, Herpetichthyes, Hoplichnus, Hypichthyes, Lepidotosaurus, Mannodon, Myzichthyes, Ophis, Osteostracomorphi, Ostracophori, Pachycardia, Palaeoxyris, Petromyzontomorphi, Pituriaspida, Protetrapoda, Pteraspidomorphi, Saurornia, Thelodontomorphi, Thoracophis, Tidaeus, Toxichnus, Zamponiopteron, Conodontomorpha, Coluber arcuatus, Myxinomorphi, Myllokunmingiiformes
Subtaxa: Hypostomata
Ecology: