Subphylum Craniota (vertebrate)
Parent taxon: Vertebrata according to H. Gadow 1898
Sister taxa: Acrania, Agnatha, Ammopus, Anaspidomorphi, Apedolepis, Artenolepis, Cephalaspidomorpha, Eosaurus, Eotetrapoda, Galeaspida, Gnathostomata, Herpetichthyes, Hoplichnus, Hypichthyes, Lepidotosaurus, Mannodon, Myzichthyes, Ophis, Osteostracomorphi, Ostracophori, Pachycardia, Palaeoxyris, Petromyzontomorphi, Pituriaspida, Protetrapoda, Pteraspidomorphi, Saurornia, Thelodontomorphi, Thoracophis, Tidaeus, Toxichnus, Zamponiopteron, Myxinomorphi, Coluber arcuatus, Myllokunmingiiformes, Conodontomorpha
Subtaxa: Hypostomata
Ecology: planktonic suspension feeder