Full reference: O. Jaekel. 1911. Die Wirbeltiere. Eine Übersicht über die Fossilen und Lebenden Formen [The Vertebrates. An Overview of the Fossil and Living Forms] viii-252
Parent taxon: Placodermata according to O. Jaekel 1911
Sister taxa: Acanthothoraci, Acanthothoraciformes, Antiarchi, Arthrodira, Asiacanthus, Austroptyctodus, Bianchengichthys, Brindabellaspida, Campbellodus, Changyonophyton, Clarkeosteus, Coelosteichthys, Cratoselachiidae, Deinodus, Entelognathus, Hybosteus, Neopetalichthys, Nessariostoma, Norilaspis, Oestophorus, Petalichthida, Petalichthyida, Petalichthyida, Pseudopetalichthyida, Pseudopetalichthyiformes, Ptychostei, Ptyctodontida, Rhenanida, Rhenaniformes, Sedowichthys, Stensioelliformes, Tollichthys, Wangolepis, Yunnanacanthus
Subtaxa: Coccostei Heterostei Homostei
Ecology: nektonic carnivore