Hormogoneae - Oscillatoriales - Girvanellaceae
Parent taxon: Oscillatoriales according to K. Krainer and D. Vachard 2019
Sister taxon: Oscillatoriaceae
Subtaxa: Girvanella Koivaella Mitcheldeania Ramovsia
Ecology: stationary "photoautotroph"
Distribution:
• Miocene of Italy (1 collection)
• Paleocene of Croatia (1)
• Cretaceous of Brazil (2), Czechia (1), Egypt (1), France (1), Germany (2), Japan (1), the Marshall Islands (1), Spain (1), Tunisia (1)
• Jurassic to Cretaceous of Japan (1)
• Jurassic of Germany (4), Myanmar (1), Poland (1), Portugal (8), Spain (2), Thailand (2), the United Kingdom (1)
• Triassic of Austria (5), France (1), Greece (1), Italy (6), Japan (2), Oman (1), Poland (1), Thailand (1)
• Permian of China (3), Germany (2), Greece (2), Iran (1), Japan (1), Malaysia (1), Mexico (1), Norway (3), Oman (1), the Russian Federation (1), Slovenia (2), Tajikistan (9), Thailand (1), Türkiye (7), United States (4: New Mexico, Texas)
• Carboniferous of Algeria (1), Australia (3), Austria (2), Canada (1: Nova Scotia), China (2), France (3), Ireland (7), Japan (1), the Russian Federation (2), Spain (4), Türkiye (1), the United Kingdom (8), United States (14: Arkansas, Colorado, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, West Virginia, Wyoming)
• Devonian of Afghanistan (14), Australia (13), Belgium (3), Canada (6: Alberta, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), China (9), Czechia (3), France (1), Germany (10), Morocco (4), Poland (3), the Russian Federation (10), Spain (13), Tajikistan (2), United States (1: Alaska)
• Silurian of Canada (6: Ontario, Quebec, Québec), China (1), India (1), the Russian Federation (2), Sweden (1), Ukraine (4), the United Kingdom (4), United States (3: Alaska)
• Chazyan of Canada (3: Quebec), United States (1: Virginia)
• Whiterockian of Canada (1: Newfoundland and Labrador), United States (2: Nevada)
• Arenigian of Argentina (1)
• Arenig of Australia (1), Canada (3: Newfoundland and Labrador), United States (5: Oklahoma, Texas)
• Canadian of United States (3: Virginia)
• Ordovician of Argentina (1), Australia (4), Canada (12: Newfoundland and Labrador, Ontario, Quebec), China (26), Kazakhstan (3), Malaysia (1), Norway (2), the Russian Federation (3), the United Kingdom (3), United States (53: Alabama, California, Michigan, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia)
• Cambrian of Antarctica (2), Australia (9), Canada (3: British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories), China (5), Germany (1), Iran (2), Italy (10), Mexico (5), Mongolia (8), Morocco (6), the Russian Federation (6), South Korea (1), Spain (4), United States (7: Colorado, Nevada, Texas, Virginia)
• Solvan of United States (1: Tennessee)
• Ediacaran of China (1)
Total: 452 collections including 495 occurrences