Parent taxon: Radiolaria according to A. R. Loeblich and H. Tappan 1961
Sister taxa: Actinommura, Adamas, Amphicentria, Amphicraspedum, Anthocyrtium, Archiphormis, Archipiliacea, Artocyrtis, Astractinium, Cancellientactinia, Carposphaeridium, Caryosphaera, Cavasphaera, Cenellipsis, Cenodiscus, Ceratastrum, Ceratoclathrulum, Cessipylorum, Challengeriacea, Chilomma, Choenicosphaera, Clathrocircus, Clathrocorona, Clavata, Coccodiscacea, Collodaria, Copiconica, Cornutanna, Cornutellium, Corythomelissa, Cromyatractus, Cromyechinus, Crucidiscus, Cryptoprora, Cubosphaera, Cyrtidosphaera, Cyrtophormis, Dictyocodon, Dictyospyrella, Dictyospyrissa, Diploplegma, Dipospyris, Dizonium, Druppatractona, Drymyomma, Dystympanium, Ectoactinia, Ehrenbergia, Euphysetta, Guangxitrisphaera, Guttacapsa, Gyrosphaera, Halicapsa, Haploplus, Haplopolaris, Hapolpolus, Hataina, Heliaster, Heliosestilla, Helminentactinia, Hemisphaera, Hexalastrum, Hexaspyridium, Hexastylidium, Hymenastromma, Labyrinthosphaera, Lamprodiscus, Lithamphora, Litheliacea, Lithocampium, Lithocannosphaeropsis, Lithocorythium, Lithomitrella, Lithopilium, Lithotympanium, Lynchnocanella, Mazosphaera, Microlecitos, Neoaspiculum, Nyfrieslandia, Octalacorys, Odontosphaera, Palaeolithochytris, Palamphimorphium, Paleocenosphaera, Palhindeolithus, Panartus, Papinochium, Parafollicucullinoides, Pentalacorys, Pentinastrum, Peridium, Peripanartus, Peritiviator, Pheodaria, Plagoniacea, Plagoniscus, Polycystina, Praespongocoelia, Priscilatentidiota, Prismatium, Protocystis, Protosegmentum, Prunulum, Pseudostaurosphaera, Psilomelissa, Pteractis, Pylosphaera, Retientactinosphaera, Rotasphaeracea, Russirad, Sanctipaulelum, Saturnulus, Schizomma, Sethocorys, Sethodisculus, Soreuma, Spirillina, Spirocapsa, Spongocyrtis, Spongodruppa, Spongopila, Staurosphaerella, Stichopera, Stichopilidium, Stichopodium, Stichopterygium, Stomatosphaera, Stylactis, Stylotrochus, Tepka, Tessarastrum, Tessarospyris, Tetracorethra, Tetraedroclathrum, Thalassoplancta, Thallassosphaeracea, Thamnospyris, Theoconus, Theosyringium, Trigonactinium, Ulcundia, Veles, Xiphatractylis, Zygospyris
Subtaxa: Actinommidae Ethmosphaeridae Triposphaeridae
Ecology: passively mobile planktonic omnivore
Distribution:
• NN21 of North Pacific (24 collections)
• Brunhes of North Pacific (1)
• Quaternary of Indian Ocean (2), Japan (8), North Pacific (552), Southern Ocean (12)
• C2 of North Pacific (6)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of North Pacific (4)
• Pliocene of Ecuador (1), North Pacific (100), Southern Ocean (11)
• Neodenticula kamtschatica of North Pacific (8)
• Miocene to Pliocene of North Pacific (1)
• Miocene of Ecuador (1), Japan (2), North Pacific (8), Southern Ocean (17)
• Eocene to Oligocene of South Pacific (1)
• Paleocene of New Zealand (47)
• Cretaceous of Austria (5), Denmark (5), Greece (3), Italy (18), Malaysia (2), New Zealand (12), Oman (5), the Philippines (1), Poland (4), the Russian Federation (3), United States (10: California)
• Jurassic to Cretaceous of Austria (2), Germany (1)
• Jurassic of Antarctica (14), Austria (5), Canada (7: British Columbia), Germany (10), Italy (5), Japan (11), the Russian Federation (2), Slovakia (4), Slovenia (5), Spain (1), Switzerland (2), United States (1: California)
• Triassic of Albania (5), Austria (1), China (11), Cyprus (3), Hungary (4), Japan (15), Malaysia (1), New Zealand (1), the Russian Federation (2), Slovakia (1), Thailand (41), Türkiye (18)
• Permian of Thailand (1)
Total: 1048 collections including 1733 occurrences