Protozoa - Radiolaria - Actinommidae
Parent taxon: Ethmosphaeracea according to A. R. Loeblich and H. Tappan 1961
See also Kiessling 1995, Kito and De Wever 1994, Sharma and Dayal 2015 and Sharma and Takahashi 2007
Sister taxa: Ethmosphaeridae, Triposphaeridae
Subtaxa: Acanthosphaera Actinomma Actinomminae Astrocentrus Bolena Carinaheliosoma Carposphaera Cromyomma Cromyosphaera Elatomma Haliommetta Mallanites Perispongidium Prunopyle Pseudacanthosphaera Sphaeropyle Spongoplegma Staurosphaera Staurosphaeretta Stauroxiphos Stuermeria Tetracanthellipsis Thaisphaera Thecosphaera Thecosphaerella
Ecology: passively mobile planktonic omnivore
Distribution:
• NN21 of North Pacific (24 collections)
• Brunhes of North Pacific (1)
• Quaternary of Japan (8), North Pacific (550), Southern Ocean (12)
• C2 of North Pacific (6)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of North Pacific (4)
• Pliocene of Ecuador (1), North Pacific (100), Southern Ocean (11)
• Neodenticula kamtschatica of North Pacific (8)
• Miocene of Ecuador (1), Japan (2), North Pacific (8), Southern Ocean (17)
• Eocene to Oligocene of South Pacific (1)
• Paleocene of New Zealand (47)
• Cretaceous of Austria (4), Greece (3), Italy (11), New Zealand (12), Oman (5), the Philippines (1), Poland (4), the Russian Federation (2)
• Jurassic to Cretaceous of Austria (2), Germany (1)
• Jurassic of Antarctica (14), Austria (5), Canada (7: British Columbia), Germany (3), Italy (5), Japan (11), the Russian Federation (2), Slovakia (3), Slovenia (5), Spain (1), Switzerland (2), United States (1: California)
• Triassic of Albania (3), Austria (1), China (9), Cyprus (3), Hungary (2), Japan (14), Malaysia (1), New Zealand (1), the Russian Federation (2), Thailand (31), Türkiye (18)
Total: 990 collections including 1653 occurrences