Bivalvia - Nuculanida - Nuculanidae
Synonym: Ledidae Adams and Adams 1858
Parent taxon: Nuculanoidea according to E. V. Coan and P. Valentich-Scott 2012
See also Bieler and Mikkelsen 2006, Bouchet et al. 2010, Carter et al. 2011, Clark and Arnold 1923, Coan et al. 2000, Dockery 1982, DuBar 1958, El Qot 2006, Fang 2006, Fang and Cope 2004, Gardner 1945, Givens and Kennedy 1976, Glenn 1904, Maxwell 1992, Mikkelsen and Bieler 2008, Nevesskaja 2009, Newell 1965, Olsson 1931, Parker 1982, Raymond 1916, Ros-Franch et al. 2014, Spencer et al. 2004, Squires 1984, Squires 1987, Squires 1999, Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992, Stilwell et al. 2004, Todd 2001, Turner 1938, Vokes 1980 and Ward and Blackwelder 1987
Sister taxa: Cadomiidae, Isoarcidae, Malletiidae, Palaeoneilidae, Phaseolidae, Polidevciidae, Sareptidae, Saturnidae, Yoldiidae, Zealedidae
Subtaxa: Acilana Acutispinula Anthracoleda Australoportlandia Bathyspinula Calorhadia Clidophorus Costatoleda Costelloleda Dacromya Ezonuculana Indonuculana Ledella Ledellinae Litorhadia Mesosaccella Multidentata Nuculana Nuculana gabbii Nuculaninae Orthoyoldia Phestioidea Poroleda Poroledidae Praeportlandia Propeleda Saccella Scissuladrana Spineilo Veteranellinae
Ecology: facultatively mobile infaunal deposit feeder-suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Canada (27: Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario collections), Chile (1), Costa Rica (4), Djibouti (1), Ecuador (3), Greenland (6), Iceland (1), India (2), Ireland (1), Italy (2), Japan (1), Mexico (4), Morocco (1), the Netherlands (1), New Zealand (1), Pakistan (1), Panama (4), Peru (2), the Philippines (1), South Africa (2), Thailand (1), the United Kingdom (6), United States (132: Alaska, California, Florida, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oregon, South Carolina, Virginia), Uruguay (1)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of Ecuador (1), Malaysia (7), United States (6: California, Florida)
• Pliocene of Antarctica (1), Australia (3), Chile (4), China (1), Costa Rica (15), Ecuador (8), Haiti (1), Holy See (Vatican City State) (1), India (1), Indonesia (2), Italy (3), Jamaica (5), Japan (13), Mexico (2), Pakistan (3), Panama (19), the Russian Federation (2), South Africa (1), Trinidad and Tobago (15), the United Kingdom (6), United States (46: Alaska, California, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia), Vanuatu (1), Venezuela (12)
• Miocene to Pliocene of Australia (1), the Dominican Republic (1), United States (3: Alaska)
• Miocene of Argentina (4), Australia (9), Austria (2), Belgium (4), Brazil (3), Bulgaria (5), Chile (4), Colombia (20), Cyprus (1), Denmark (1), the Dominican Republic (5), Ecuador (15), France (2), Germany (42), India (6), Indonesia (4), Iran (1), Iraq (1), Italy (3), Japan (17), Mexico (4), Morocco (4), the Netherlands (3), New Zealand (9), Pakistan (1), Panama (75), Peru (2), Poland (1), the Russian Federation (23), Slovakia (2), Trinidad and Tobago (12), United States (77: Alaska, California, Delaware, Florida, Maryland, New Jersey, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Virginia, Washington), Venezuela (2)
• Oligocene to Miocene of Antarctica (1), the Russian Federation (2), United States (1: Florida)
• Oligocene of Australia (1), Austria (1), Denmark (4), France (7), Haiti (1), Hungary (1), Japan (7), Mexico (1), the Netherlands (1), New Zealand (5), Panama (5), Peru (3), Romania (2), the Russian Federation (10), United States (71: Alaska, California, Mississippi, Oregon, Washington)
• Eocene to Oligocene of the Russian Federation (1), United States (1: Washington)
• Eocene of Angola (4), Antarctica (3), Argentina (3), Australia (5), Barbados (4), Belgium (4), Brazil (1), Bulgaria (1), Colombia (1), Egypt (2), France (4), Germany (1), Hungary (1), Indonesia (1), Japan (2), Mexico (5), Namibia (1), the Netherlands (1), New Zealand (7), Nigeria (2), Pakistan (1), Panama (8), Peru (4), the Russian Federation (6), the United Kingdom (19), United States (429: Alabama, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, New Jersey, North Carolina, Oregon, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, Washington)
• Paleocene to Eocene of Australia (1), Pakistan (1), the Russian Federation (1), United States (4: California)
• Paleocene of Antarctica (2), Argentina (96), Australia (1), Austria (1), Belgium (1), Colombia (1), Denmark (6), Egypt (3), Germany (1), Greenland (1), Japan (1), Mexico (7), New Zealand (17), Poland (2), the Russian Federation (6), United States (177: Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland, New Jersey, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia)
• Tertiary of United States (1: California)
• Cretaceous to Paleogene of United States (1: New Jersey)
• Cretaceous of Argentina (18), Australia (4), Cameroon (1), Chile (1), China (3), Colombia (1), Ecuador (1), Egypt (12), France (3), Germany (8), Greenland (1), India (4), Indian Ocean (1), Israel (19), Italy (1), Japan (46), Jordan (6), Kazakhstan (2), Libya (2), Madagascar (1), Mexico (1), Morocco (1), Mozambique (1), New Zealand (37), Nigeria (1), Poland (16), the Russian Federation (5), Svalbard and Jan Mayen (17), Switzerland (1), Taiwan (1), Tunisia (1), USSR (1), Ukraine (1), the United Kingdom (11), United States (318: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Georgia, Kansas, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Wyoming)
• Heterian of New Zealand (2)
• Temaikan of New Zealand (2)
• Jurassic to Cretaceous of Antarctica (1)
• Jurassic of Argentina (8), Canada (7: British Columbia, Northwest Territories, Yukon), Chile (10), China (5), Denmark (8), Egypt (1), France (10), Germany (17), Greenland (34), India (103), Iran (1), Japan (8), Kenya (3), Mexico (1), New Zealand (6), Peru (1), Poland (40), Portugal (54), the Russian Federation (8), Saudi Arabia (5), Somalia (1), Spain (21), Svalbard and Jan Mayen (11), Switzerland (21), Tunisia (3), Turkey (1), the United Kingdom (57), United States (1: California)
• Triassic to Jurassic of Singapore (1), United States (1: Alaska)
• Triassic of Austria (29), Bosnia and Herzegovina (2), Canada (1: British Columbia), Chile (1), China (15), Egypt (1), Germany (10), Hungary (3), Indonesia (5), Iran (12), Italy (27), Japan (3), Kazakhstan (2), Mexico (3), New Zealand (3), Papua New Guinea (4), Peru (1), the Russian Federation (30), Slovenia (1), Spain (1), Svalbard and Jan Mayen (1), the United Kingdom (1), United States (40: Nevada, Oregon, nevada), Vietnam (5)
• Permian of Australia (28), China (2), Lithuania (4), Nepal (1), New Zealand (9), the Russian Federation (17), Svalbard and Jan Mayen (2), United States (4: Arizona, Nevada, Texas)
• Namurian of Australia (2)
• Carboniferous of Australia (2), Canada (2: Alberta, Yukon), the United Kingdom (10), United States (35: Alaska, Arizona, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Montana, Oklahoma, Texas, Virginia)
• Devonian of Argentina (2), Australia (3), Brazil (4), Canada (3: Manitoba, New Brunswick, Quebec), China (3), the Czech Republic (1), Germany (1), Ghana (1), Poland (1), South Africa (6), Ukraine (1), the United Kingdom (2), United States (10: Missouri, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania), Uruguay (1)
• Silurian to Devonian of Argentina (1)
• Silurian of Argentina (3), Brazil (1), Canada (2: Ontario), China (1), Sweden (1), United States (7: Indiana, Maryland, New York)
• Dobrotivian of France (1)
• Chazyan of United States (3: New York)
• Arenig of France (3)
• Ordovician of Canada (9: Ontario, Québec), Portugal (1), United States (4: Michigan, New York)
Total: 3128 collections including 4341 occurrences