Rhynchonellata - Orthida - Orthidae
Parent taxon: Orthoidea according to M. Liljeroth et al. 2017
See also Alikhova 1953, Benedetto 2003, Bruton et al. 1984, Egerquist 2003, Hansen and Holmer 2011, Hints 2014, Huxley 1869, Jaanusson and Bassett 1993, Mitchell 1977, Neuman 1964, Neuman and Bruton 1974, Oraspold 1956, Oraspold 1959, Owen and Harper 1982, Phleger 1933, Popov et al. 2009, Potter 1990, Raymond 1911, Rubel 1961, Williams et al. 2000 and Wright 1964
Sister taxa: Anomalorthidae, Archaeorthidae, Bajanorthis, Bohemiellidae, Cathaysiorthidae, Glyptorthidae, Hesperonomiidae, Hesperorthidae, Lycophoriidae, Malinella, Nugnecella, Orthidiellidae, Ottadalenites, Plaesiomyidae, Poramborthidae, Productorthidae, Skenidioidae, Tarfayidae, Turarella, Whittardiidae, Zhejiangorthis, Dinorthidae, Toxorthidae, Dolerorthidae
Subtaxa: Almadenorthis Bastamorthis Boreadorthis Celsiorthis Diochthofera Duolobella Gutiorthis Lenorthis Leoniorthis Orthambonites Orthinae Orthis Orthokopis Orthostrophella Orthostrophia Palaeowingella Paralenorthis Rogorthis Sinorthis Sulcatorthis Sulevorthis Suriorthis Taphrorthis Trondorthis
Ecology: stationary epifaunal suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Jurassic of France (1 collection)
• Permian of India (1), Laos (1), Pakistan (4), Slovenia (1)
• Carboniferous to Permian of Bolivia (1)
• Carboniferous of Australia (1), Spain (1)
• Devonian of Argentina (2), Australia (1), Belgium (1), Canada (2: Quebec), Colombia (1), Germany (1), South Africa (3), United States (33: Alaska, Nevada, New York, Tennessee)
• Silurian to Devonian of United States (1: Oklahoma)
• Silurian of Argentina (1), Bolivia (1), Brazil (1), Canada (4: Northwest Territories, Quebec, Québec), China (1), Czechia (4), India (5), Italy (1), Mauritania (2), Norway (7), the United Kingdom (16), United States (31: Arkansas, Indiana, New York, Oklahoma, Wisconsin)
• Dobrotivian of France (5), Morocco (1), Spain (4)
• Aluoja of Estonia (4), the Russian Federation (1)
• Chazyan of Canada (2: Quebec), United States (27: Alabama, California, New York, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont)
• Whiterockian of United States (47: California, Maine, Nevada, Utah)
• Valaste of Estonia (20), Sweden (2)
• Langevoja of Estonia (4), the Russian Federation (1)
• Hunderum of Estonia (1), the Russian Federation (1), Sweden (4)
• Whitlandian of the United Kingdom (2)
• Billingen of Estonia (1), the Russian Federation (1)
• Arenig of Argentina (10), Bolivia (3), Canada (1: New Brunswick), China (63), France (1), the United Kingdom (18)
• Arenigian of Argentina (8), Canada (1: Northwest Territories), the Russian Federation (1), United States (2: Maine)
• Klabava of France (1)
• Dawan of China (16)
• Ordovician to Silurian of Norway (1)
• Ordovician of Argentina (6), Australia (14), Belarus (1), Belgium (13), Bolivia (3), Canada (11: Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Northwest Terrorities, Nunavut), China (77), Czechia (1), Estonia (62), France (3), Iran (13), Ireland (6), Kazakhstan (19), Latvia (3), Lithuania (15), Morocco (1), North Korea (1), Norway (15), Peru (21), Poland (1), Portugal (2), the Russian Federation (102), South Korea (1), Spain (8), Sweden (20), Ukraine (2), the United Kingdom (57), United States (99: Alabama, Alaska, California, Kentucky, Maine, Missouri, Nevada, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia), Venezuela (1)
• Ibexian of United States (3: Nevada, New York)
Total: 965 collections including 1144 occurrences