PBDB Taxon

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Phytosauria

Reptilia

Taxonomy

Phytosauria was named by Jaeger (1828). It is not extant. It was considered monophyletic by Stocker (2010) and Nesbitt (2011).

It was reranked as the order Phytosauria by Osborn (1903) and Osborn (1903); it was synonymized subjectively with Phytosauriformes by Hay (1930); it was synonymized subjectively with Parasuchia by Kuhn (1946), Kuhn (1964), Kuhn (1966) and Charig (1967); it was synonymized subjectively with Parasuchida by Kuhn (1971); it was reranked as the unranked clade Phytosauria by Hungerbühler (2002), Stocker (2010), Nesbitt (2011) and Ezcurra (2016).

It was assigned to Diapsida by Osborn (1903) and Osborn (1903); to Parasuchia by Osborn (1904), Lull (1915), Lull (1917) and Roxo (1937); to Thecodontia by Baird (1957) and Carroll (1988); to Suchia by Weinbaum and Hungerbühler (2007); to Archosauria by Stocker (2010); to Crurotarsi by Hungerbühler (2002) and Nesbitt (2011); and to Pseudosuchia by Ezcurra (2016).

Subtaxa

Angistorhinopsis, Angistorhinopsis ruetimeyeri, Angistorhinus gracilis, Belodon, Belodon ingens, Belodon lepturus, Belodon plieningeri, Belodon scolopax, Belodon superciliosus, Belodon validus, Brachysuchus maleriensis, Centemodon, Centemodon sulcatus, Clepsysaurus, Clepsysaurus leai, Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus, Clepsysaurus veatleianus, Coburgosuchus, Compsosaurus, Compsosaurus priscus, Diandongosuchus, Dicynodon rosmarus, Eurydorus, Eurydorus serridens, Francosuchus, Francosuchus broilii, Francosuchus latus, Heterodontichnites, Heterodontosuchus, Heterodontosuchus ganei, Leptosuchus imperfecta, Mesorhinosuchidae, Mystriosuchidae, Omosaurus, Omosaurus perplexus, Palaeoctonus, Palaeoctonus appalachianus, Palaeoctonus aulacodus, Palaeoctonus dumblianus, Palaeoctonus orthodon, Palaeosaurus, Palaeosaurus fraserianus, Palaeosaurus platyodon, Palaeosaurus stricklandi, Paleorhinidae, Parasuchidae, Phytosaurus, Phytosaurus cubicodon, Phytosaurus cylindricodon, Promystriosuchus, Rectilinetopus, Rhytidodon rostratus, Rileya bristolensis, Rutiodon manhattanensis, Rutiodontidae, Suchoprion, Suchoprion cyphodon, Suchoprion sulcidens, Termatosaurus, Termatosaurus albertii

Synonyms

Phytosaurus was named by Jaeger (1828). Its type is Phytosaurus cylindricodon. It is the type genus of Phytosauridae.

It was synonymized subjectively with Belodon by Zittel (1890); it was synonymized subjectively with Nicrosaurus by Kuhn (1971); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).

It was assigned to Crocodilidae by d'Orbigny (1849); and to Phytosauridae by Hay (1902), Watson (1917), Huene (1922), Hay (1930), Kuhn (1964), Kuhn (1966) and Charig (1967).
Leptosuchus imperfecta was named by Case (1922). Its type specimen is UMMP 7523, a skull, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Spur-Crosbyton Road, west of White River, which is in a Carnian/Norian terrestrial horizon in the Tecovas Formation of Texas.

It was corrected as Leptosuchus imperfectus by Hay (1930); it was synonymized subjectively with Leptosuchus adamanensis by Long and Murry (1995); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Palaeoctonus dumblianus was named by Cope (1893). Its type specimen is TMM 18563-1, a set of teeth, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Palo Duro Canyon, which is in a Triassic terrestrial horizon in Texas.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Palaeoctonus orthodon was named by Cope (1893). Its type specimen is TMM 18563-2, a tooth, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Palo Duro Canyon, which is in a Triassic terrestrial horizon in Texas.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Suchoprion sulcidens was named by Cope (1878).

It was synonymized subjectively with Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus by Colbert and Chafee (1941); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Clepsisaurus leai was named by Emmons (1856). Its type specimen is USNM 535450, a set of vertebrae, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Leaksville, which is in a Triassic terrestrial shale in North Carolina.

It was recombined as Clepsysaurus leai by Cope (1875); it was recombined as Phytosaurus leaii by Hay (1902) and Hay (1930); it was synonymized subjectively with Rutiodon carolinensis by Colbert and Chafee (1941) and Gregory (1962); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Compsosaurus was named by Leidy (1856).

It was synonymized subjectively with Phytosaurus by Hay (1902); it was synonymized subjectively with Rutiodon by Kuhn (1964); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Compsosaurus priscus was named by Leidy (1856). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Dan River, which is in a Norian terrestrial coal in the Cumnock Formation of North Carolina.

It was recombined as Belodon priscus by Cope (1875) and Lyman (1894); it was recombined as Phytosaurus priscus by Hay (1902); it was synonymized subjectively with Rutiodon carolinensis by Colbert and Chafee (1941); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Angistorhinus gracilis was named by Mehl (1915). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Baldwin Creek, which is in a Carnian terrestrial horizon in the Popo Agie Formation of Wyoming.

It was synonymized subjectively with Angistorhinus grandis by Lucas et al. (2002); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Rutiodon manhattanensis was named by Huene (1913). Its type specimen is AMNH 4991, a set of postcrania (Vertebrae and appendicular elements), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is entrance, Palisades Interstate Park, which is in a Norian terrestrial marl in the Stockton Formation of New Jersey.

It was recombined as Clepsysaurus manhattanensis by Colbert and Chafee (1941); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Belodontia was named by Marsh (1895). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Parasuchia by Hay (1902); it was reranked as the suborder Belodonti by Jaekel (1910) and Jaekel (1911); it was synonymized subjectively with Parasuchida by Kuhn (1971).

It was assigned to Loricati by Jaekel (1910) and Jaekel (1911).
Francosuchus was named by Kuhn (1932).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Butler et al. (2014).

It was assigned to Parasuchia by Kuhn (1932); to Thecodontia by Kuhn (1964); and to Phytosauridae by Kuhn (1966).
Francosuchus broilii was named by Kuhn (1932) [The whereabouts of the type specimen of Francosuchus broilii are uncertain (formerly in the collections of the BSPG, Munich, and it was probably destroyed during WW2). ]. It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Ebrach, bed number 13, which is in a Carnian lacustrine sandstone in the Hassberge Formation of Germany.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Hunt and Lucas (1991), Stocker and Butler (2013) and Butler et al. (2014).
Francosuchus latus was named by Kuhn (1932) [The whereabouts of the type specimen of Francosuchus latus are uncertain (formerly in the collections of the BSPG, Munich, and it was probably destroyed during WW2). ]. It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Ebrach, bed number 13, which is in a Carnian lacustrine sandstone in the Hassberge Formation of Germany.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Hunt and Lucas (1991), Stocker and Butler (2013) and Butler et al. (2014).
Dicynodon rosmarus was named by Cope (1870).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Kammerer et al. (2011).
Mystriosuchus ruetimeyeri was named by Huene (1911). Its type specimen is Naturhistorisches Museum Basel (Skull fragments, vertebrae, scutes and teeth) and is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Niederschönthal, Liestal, which is in a Sevatian terrestrial conglomerate in the Knollenmergel Formation of Switzerland. It is the type species of Mystriosuchus.

It was recombined as Angistorhinopsis ruetimeyeri by Huene (1923) and Kuhn (1971); it was recombined as Rutiodon rutimeyeri by Charig (1967); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Angistorhinopsis was named by Huene (1922).

It was synonymized subjectively with Rutiodon by Kuhn (1964); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).

It was assigned to Mystriosuchidea by Huene (1922); to Parasuchia by Huene (1923); and to Parasuchida by Kuhn (1971).
Brachysuchus maleriensis was named by Huene (1940). Its type specimen is GSI 16691, a partial skull (Rostrum and parts of lower jaw), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Maleri village (GSI), which is in a Carnian/Norian fluvial claystone in the Maleri Formation of India.

It was recombined as Phytosaurus maleriensis by Colbert (1958); it was synonymized subjectively with Parasuchus hislopi by Chatterjee (1978); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Termatosaurus albertii was named by Meyer and Plieninger (1844). It is a 3D body fossil.

It was corrected as Termatosaurus alberti by Henry (1876) and Persson (1963); it was synonymized subjectively with Plesiosaurus rostratus by Browne (1894); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Phytosaurus cylindricodon was named by Jaeger (1828). It is the type species of Phytosaurus.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Phytosaurus cubicodon was named by Jaeger (1828).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Belodon superciliosus was named by Cope (1893). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is 5 km north of Dockum, Belodon superciliosus, which is in a Triassic terrestrial siliciclastic in Texas.

It was recombined as Phytosaurus superciliosus by Hay (1902) and Hay (1930); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Centemodon was named by Lea (1856). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Phytosaurus by Hay (1902); it was synonymized subjectively with Rutiodon by Kuhn (1964); it was considered a nomen dubium by Gregory (1962) and Stocker and Butler (2013).
Centemodon sulcatus was named by Lea (1856). It is a 3D body fossil.

It was synonymized subjectively with Phytosaurus carolinensis by Hay (1902); it was synonymized subjectively with Rutiodon carolinensis by Colbert and Chafee (1941); it was considered a nomen dubium by Gregory (1962) and Stocker and Butler (2013).
Eurydorus was named by Leidy (1859). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Rutiodon by Kuhn (1964); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Eurydorus serridens was named by Leidy (1859). It is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Phytosaurus serridens by Hay (1902); it was synonymized subjectively with Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus by Colbert and Chafee (1941); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Belodon ingens was named by Fraas (1896). Its type specimen is SMNS 9439, a mandible, and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Rhytidodon rostratus was named by Marsh (1896). Its type specimen is USNM V 5373, a partial skull, and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Phytosaurus rostratus by Hay (1902); it was synonymized subjectively with Rutiodon carolinensis by Colbert and Chafee (1941) and Gregory (1962); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Heterodontosuchus was named by Lucas (1898). Its type is Heterodontosuchus ganei.

It was synonymized subjectively with Phytosaurus by Kuhn (1964); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).

It was assigned to Gavialidae by Hay (1902); and to Phytosauridae by Hay (1930).
Heterodontosuchus ganei was named by Lucas (1898). Its type specimen is USNM V 4136, a mandible, and it is a 3D body fossil. It is the type species of Heterodontosuchus.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Belodon was named by Meyer (1844).

It was synonymized subjectively with Phytosaurus by Case (1922); it was synonymized subjectively with Mystriosuchus by Kuhn (1964); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).

It was assigned to Saurii by Meyer (1845); to Lacertilia by Quenstedt (1852); to Thecodontia by Owen (1859), Owen (1860), Owen (1861) and Cope (1870); to Parasuchia by Dollo (1883); and to Phytosauridae by Kuhn (1966) and Carroll (1988).
Clepsysaurus was named by Lea (1851). Its type is Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus.

It was synonymized subjectively with Anchisaurus by Huene (1902); it was synonymized subjectively with Phytosaurus by Kuhn (1964); it was considered a nomen dubium by Hunt and Lucas (1989) and Stocker and Butler (2013).

It was assigned to Thecodontia by Emmons (1856) and Cope (1869); to Dinosauria by Cope (1870), Cope (1870), Huxley (1870) and Cope (1870); to Dinosauria by Cope (1875); to Amphisauridae by Sauvage (1882), Marsh (1882), Vetter (1884), Dollo (1884), Marsh (1884) and Marsh (1884); to Anchisauridae by Nopcsa (1901); to Parasuchia by Huene (1921); to Anchisauridae by Marsh (1885), Zittel (1890), Marsh (1895), Marsh (1896), Hay (1902), Sauvage (1907) and Hay (1930); to Phytosauridae by Camp (1930) and Colbert and Chafee (1941); to Dinodontidae by Rapp (1944); and to Phytosauria by Lull (1915) and Lull (1953).
Palaeosaurus was named by Riley and Stutchbury (1836).

It was synonymized subjectively with Thecodontosaurus by Hay (1902); it was replaced with Palaeosauriscus by Kuhn (1959), Kuhn (1964), Tatarinov (1964), Romer (1966), Reig (1970) and Steel (1970); it was replaced with Palaeosauricus by Kuhn (1971); it was considered a nomen dubium by Benton et al. (2000).

It was assigned to Sauria by Riley and Stutchbury (1836) and Riley and Stutchbury (1840); to Lacertinidae by d'Orbigny (1849); to Saurii by Meyer (1845) and Roemer (1856); to Thecodontia by Owen (1860) and Owen (1861); to Thecodonta by Haeckel (1866); to Lacertilia by Owen (1841), Owen (1842), Quenstedt (1852) and Quenstedt (1867); to Megalosaurinidae by Huxley (1870); to Theropoda by Quenstedt (1882); to Amphisauridae by Sauvage (1882), Marsh (1882), Vetter (1884), Dollo (1884), Marsh (1884) and Marsh (1884); to Anchisauridae by Nopcsa (1901); to Zanclodontidae by Zittel (1890) and Huene (1914); to Pachypodosauria by Huene (1914) and Huene (1914); to Anchisauridae by Marsh (1885), Marsh (1895), Marsh (1896), Huene (1902) and Lull (1915); to Carnosauria by Berckhemer (1938); to Carnosauria by Kuhn (1939); and to Palaeosauridae by Romer (1956).
Belodon lepturus was named by Cope (1869). Its type specimen is AMNH FR 3879, a set of postcrania (14 fragmentary vertebrae, left femur and fibula, phalanx, ilium, ischium, ribs, and dermal elements), and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Phytosaurus lepturus by Hay (1902) and Hay (1930); it was synonymized subjectively with Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus by Colbert and Chafee (1941); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Parasuchia was named by Huxley.

It was reranked as the order Parasuchia by Gadow (1898), Osborn (1904), Lull (1915), Lull (1917), Perrier (1928) and Roxo (1937); it was synonymized subjectively with Belodonti by Jaekel (1910) and Jaekel (1911); it was synonymized subjectively with Phytosauromorphi by Hay (1930); it was corrected as Parasuchida by Kuhn (1971); it was reranked as the unranked clade Parasuchia by Long and Murry (1995); it was synonymized subjectively with Phytosauria by Stocker (2010) and Stocker and Butler (2013).

It was assigned to Crocodilia by Cope (1875), Dollo (1883), Zittel (1890) and Woodward (1898); to Loricata by Hay (1902); to Diaptosauria by Osborn (1904); to Reptilia by Lull (1915) and Lull (1917); to Crocodilia by Gadow (1898) and Perrier (1928); to Archosauria by Roxo (1937); to Thecodontia by Huene (1922), Kuhn (1946), Huene (1954), Huene (1958), Kuhn (1964), Kuhn (1966), Charig (1967), Kuhn (1971), Haubold (1974) and Galton (1985); to Crurotarsi by Sereno and Arcucci (1990) and Sereno (1991); to Crocodylotarsi by Parrish (1993) and Long and Murry (1995); and to Pseudosuchia by Gauthier and Padian (1985) and Irmis (2005).
Belodon validus was named by Marsh (1893). Its type specimen is YPM 2056, a set of postcrania (Scapula), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Wilcox Quarry, Simsbury, which is in a Norian terrestrial horizon in the New Haven Formation of Connecticut.

It was recombined as Phytosaurus validus by Hay (1902) and Hay (1930); it was recombined as Rutiodon validus by Lull (1917); it was recombined as Clepsysaurus validus by Colbert and Chafee (1941); it was considered a nomen dubium by Colbert (1965) and Stocker and Butler (2013).
Belodon plieningeri was named by Meyer (1844). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Löwenstein, Affaltrach, which is in a Norian dry floodplain sandstone in the Löwenstein Formation of Germany.

It was recombined as Phytosaurus plieningeri by Huene (1940); it was recombined as Mystriosuchus plieningeri by Gregory (1962); it was considered a nomen dubium by Long and Murry (1995), Hungerbühler and Hunt (2000) and Stocker and Butler (2013).
Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus was named by Lea (1851). Its type specimen is ANSP 9526, 9555–9571, 9594–9595, a set of postcrania (Teeth and fragmentary postcrania), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Hassac's Creek, Upper Milford, Conewago Hills, which is in a Norian terrestrial conglomerate in the Passaic Formation of Pennsylvania. It is the type species of Clepsysaurus.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Hunt and Lucas (1989) and Stocker and Butler (2013).
Palaeosaurus fraserianus was named by Cope (1878). Its type specimen is AMNH FR 1861, a tooth, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Wheatley's Copper Mines, Emigsville (AMNH), which is in a Norian terrestrial horizon in the New Oxford Formation of Pennsylvania.

It was recombined as Thecodontosaurus fraserianus by Hay (1902); it was recombined as Clepsysaurus fraserianus by Hay (1930); it was synonymized subjectively with Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus by Colbert and Chafee (1941); it was recombined as Palaeosauriscus fraserianus by Steel (1970); it was considered a nomen dubium by Galton and Upchurch (2004) and Stocker and Butler (2013).
Omosaurus perplexus was named by Leidy (1856).

It was synonymized subjectively with Phytosaurus carolinensis by Hay (1902); it was synonymized subjectively with Rutiodon carolinensis by Colbert and Chafee (1941); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Palaeoctonus was named by Cope (1877).

It was synonymized subjectively with Rutiodon by Kuhn (1964); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).

It was assigned to Megalosauridae by Nopcsa (1901); to Megalosauridae by Hay (1902); to Parasuchia by Huene (1921); and to Anchisauridae by Huene (1902) and Hay (1930).
Palaeoctonus appalachianus was named by Cope (1877). Its type specimen is AMNH FR 2329, a set of teeth (Two teeth), and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was synonymized subjectively with Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus by Colbert and Chafee (1941); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Palaeoctonus aulacodus was named by Cope (1877). Its type specimen is AMNH FR 2335, a set of teeth, and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Suchoprion aulacodus by Hay (1902) and Hay (1930); it was synonymized subjectively with Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus by Colbert and Chafee (1941); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Clepsysaurus veatleianus was named by Cope (1877). Its type specimen is AMNH FR 2330, a tooth, and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was synonymized subjectively with Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus by Colbert and Chafee (1941); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Suchoprion was named by Cope (1877). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Rutiodon by Kuhn (1964); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).

It was assigned to Megalosauridae by Hay (1902); to Parasuchia by Huene (1921); and to Anchisauridae by Huene (1902) and Hay (1930).
Suchoprion cyphodon was named by Cope (1877). Its type specimen is AMNH FR 2331A, a set of teeth, and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was synonymized subjectively with Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus by Colbert and Chafee (1941); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Rileya bristolensis was named by Huene (1902). Its type specimen is BRSMG *Ca7461/95, 96, a limb element (humerus), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Durdham Down, Quarry Steps, which is in a Rhaetian fissure fill limestone/breccia in the Magnesian Conglomerate Formation of the United Kingdom. It is the type species of Rileya, Rileyasuchus.

It was recombined as Rileyasuchus bristolensis by Kuhn (1961) and Kuhn (1964); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Palaeosaurus platyodon was named by Riley and Stutchbury (1836). Its type specimen is BRSMG *Ca7448/3, a tooth, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Durdham Down, Quarry Steps, which is in a Rhaetian fissure fill limestone/breccia in the Magnesian Conglomerate Formation of the United Kingdom. It is the type species of Palaeosauriscus.

It was recombined as Thecodontosaurus platyodon by Woodward and Sherborn (1890), Swinton (1934) and Robinson (1957); it was recombined as Rileya platyodon by Huene (1908), Huene (1908) and Huene (1908); it was recombined as Palaeosauriscus platyodon by Steel (1970); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Omosaurus was named by Leidy (1856). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Phytosaurus by Hay (1902); it was synonymized subjectively with Rutiodon by Kuhn (1964); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).

It was assigned to Crocodilia by Lucas (1902).
Belodon scolopax was named by Cope (1881). Its type specimen is AMNH FR 2322, a partial skull (Fragmentary rostrum), and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Phytosaurus scolopax by Hay (1902) and Hay (1930); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).
Palaeosaurus stricklandi was named by Davis (1881). Its type specimen is BGS GSL 4498, a tooth, and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Palaeosauriscus stricklandi by Steel (1970); it was considered a nomen dubium by Stocker and Butler (2013).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1828	Phytosauria Jaeger
1828	Phytosaurus Jaeger p. 22–23
1828	Phytosaurus cylindricodon Jaeger p. 23
1828	Phytosaurus cubicodon Jaeger p. 33
1836	Palaeosaurus Riley and Stutchbury p. 398
1836	Palaeosaurus platyodon Riley and Stutchbury p. 398
1840	Palaeosaurus Riley and Stutchbury p. 352
1840	Palaeosaurus platyodon Riley and Stutchbury p. 352
1841	Palaeosaurus Owen p. 267
1841	Palaeosaurus platyodon Owen p. 268
1842	Phytosaurus cylindricodon Owen p. 118
1842	Palaeosaurus Owen p. 154
1842	Palaeosaurus platyodon Owen p. 154
1844	Belodon Meyer
1844	Belodon plieningeri Meyer
1844	Termatosaurus albertii Meyer and Plieninger
1844	Phytosaurus cubicodon Meyer and Plieninger p. 92
1844	Phytosaurus cylindricodon Meyer and Plieninger p. 92
1845	Belodon Meyer p. 282
1845	Palaeosaurus Meyer p. 282
1846	Palaeosaurus platyodon Plieninger p. 151
1849	Phytosaurus d'Orbigny p. 206
1849	Palaeosaurus d'Orbigny p. 208
1850	Palaeosaurus platyodon King p. 239
1851	Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus Lea p. 172
1851	Clepsysaurus Lea p. 205
1851	Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus Lea p. 205
1852	Palaeosaurus Quenstedt p. 109
1852	Belodon Quenstedt p. 110
1852	Belodon plieningeri Quenstedt p. 110
1855	Belodon plieningeri Meyer p. 149
1855	Palaeosaurus platyodon Meyer p. 158
1856	Clepsisaurus Emmons
1856	Clepsisaurus pennsylvanius Emmons p. 300
1856	Clepsisaurus leai Emmons p. 313
1856	Palaeosaurus platyodon Emmons p. 315
1856	Centemodon Lea
1856	Centemodon sulcatus Lea
1856	Omosaurus Leidy
1856	Compsosaurus Leidy p. 165 figs. not figured
1856	Compsosaurus priscus Leidy p. 165 figs. not figured
1856	Omosaurus perplexus Leidy p. 256
1856	Palaeosaurus Roemer p. 788
1856	Palaeosaurus platyodon Roemer p. 788
1857	Omosaurus perplexus Emmons p. 67
1857	Clepsisaurus pennsylvanicus Emmons p. 73
1857	Clepsisaurus leai Emmons p. 79
1857	Compsosaurus priscus Emmons p. 87
1857	Palaeosaurus platyodon Emmons p. 87
1857	Belodon plieningeri Rütimeyer p. 152
1858	Termatosaurus albertii Quenstedt p. 33
1859	Eurydorus Leidy
1859	Eurydorus serridens Leidy
1859	Belodon Owen p. 141
1859	Belodon plieningeri Owen p. 141
1860	Palaeosaurus Owen p. 249
1860	Palaeosaurus platyodon Owen p. 249
1860	Belodon Owen p. 251
1860	Belodon plieningeri Owen p. 251
1861	Palaeosaurus Owen p. 276
1861	Palaeosaurus platyodon Owen p. 276
1861	Belodon Owen p. 278
1861	Belodon plieningeri Owen p. 278
1861	Belodon plieningeri Quenstedt p. 512
1866	Belodon plieningeri Haeckel p. CXXXIV
1866	Palaeosaurus Haeckel p. CXXXIV
1866	Palaeosaurus platyodon Haeckel p. CXXXIV
1867	Palaeosaurus Quenstedt p. 139
1869	Belodon lepturus Cope p. 22
1869	Clepsysaurus Cope p. 733
1869	Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus Cope p. 733
1870	Belodon Cope
1870	Belodon lepturus Cope
1870	Clepsysaurus Cope
1870	Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus Cope pp. 122-A
1870	Dicynodon rosmarus Cope p. 232
1870	Clepsysaurus Cope p. 444
1870	Palaeosaurus Huxley p. 34
1870	Clepsysaurus Huxley p. 49
1875	Parasuchia Cope p. 14
1875	Belodon priscus Cope p. 34
1875	Clepsysaurus leai Cope p. 36
1875	Clepsysaurus Cope p. 39
1875	Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus Cope p. 39
1876	Termatosaurus alberti Henry p. 404 figs. Pl 1, figs 5,5.1
1877	Palaeoctonus Cope pp. 182-183
1877	Palaeoctonus appalachianus Cope pp. 182-183
1877	Clepsysaurus veatleianus Cope p. 184
1877	Palaeoctonus aulacodus Cope p. 184
1877	Suchoprion Cope p. 185
1877	Suchoprion cyphodon Cope p. 185
1878	Palaeosaurus fraserianus Cope
1878	Suchoprion sulcidens Cope
1878	Palaeosaurus fraserianus Cope p. 58
1879	Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus Miller p. 152
1881	Belodon scolopax Cope p. 922
1881	Palaeosaurus stricklandi Davis p. 421 figs. Pl. 22:6
1882	Clepsysaurus Marsh
1882	Palaeosaurus Marsh
1882	Palaeosaurus Quenstedt p. 189
1882	Clepsysaurus Sauvage pp. 35-36
1882	Palaeosaurus Sauvage p. 36
1883	Parasuchia Dollo p. 310
1883	Belodon Dollo p. 311
1883	Palaeosaurus stricklandi Sauvage p. 39
1884	Clepsysaurus Dollo p. 298
1884	Palaeosaurus Dollo p. 298
1884	Clepsysaurus Marsh p. 69
1884	Palaeosaurus Marsh p. 69
1884	Clepsysaurus Marsh p. 338
1884	Palaeosaurus Marsh p. 338
1884	Clepsysaurus Vetter p. 363
1884	Palaeosaurus Vetter p. 363
1885	Clepsysaurus Marsh p. 765
1885	Palaeosaurus Marsh p. 765
1887	Belodon scolopax Cope p. 221
1890	Palaeosaurus stricklandi Woodward and Sherborn p. 261
1890	Thecodontosaurus platyodon Woodward and Sherborn p. 291
1890	Parasuchia Zittel p. 450
1890	Palaeosaurus Zittel p. 722
1890	Palaeosaurus platyodon Zittel p. 722
1890	Clepsysaurus Zittel p. 731
1893	Belodon superciliosus Cope p. 12
1893	Palaeoctonus orthodon Cope p. 15
1893	Palaeoctonus dumblianus Cope p. 16
1893	Belodon validus Marsh p. 170
1894	Belodon priscus Lyman p. 207
1895	Clepsysaurus Marsh
1895	Palaeosaurus Marsh
1895	Palaeosaurus platyodon Seeley p. 145
1896	Belodon ingens Fraas
1896	Rhytidodon rostratus Marsh
1896	Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus Marsh p. 147
1896	Clepsysaurus Marsh p. 240
1896	Palaeosaurus Marsh p. 240
1898	Parasuchia Gadow p. 19
1898	Heterodontosuchus Lucas
1898	Heterodontosuchus ganei Lucas
1898	Belodon ingens Spangenberg p. 408
1898	Parasuchia Woodward p. 141
1901	Clepsysaurus Nopcsa p. 196–197
1901	Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus Nopcsa p. 196–197
1901	Palaeosaurus Nopcsa p. 197
1901	Palaeosaurus frazerianus Nopcsa p. 197
1901	Palaeosaurus platyodon Nopcsa p. 197
1901	Palaeoctonus Nopcsa p. 201
1901	Palaeoctonus appalachianus Nopcsa p. 201
1902	Dicynodon rosmarus Hay p. 430
1902	Palaeoctonus Hay p. 490
1902	Palaeoctonus appalachianus Hay p. 490
1902	Palaeoctonus dumblianus Hay p. 490
1902	Palaeoctonus orthodon Hay p. 490
1902	Suchoprion Hay p. 490
1902	Suchoprion aulacodus Hay p. 490
1902	Suchoprion cyphodon Hay p. 490
1902	Suchoprion sulcidens Hay p. 490
1902	Clepsysaurus Hay p. 492
1902	Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus Hay p. 492
1902	Clepsysaurus veatleianus Hay p. 492
1902	Thecodontosaurus fraserianus Hay p. 492
1902	Parasuchia Hay p. 509
1902	Phytosaurus Hay p. 509
1902	Phytosaurus cylindricodon Hay p. 509
1902	Phytosaurus leaii Hay p. 510
1902	Phytosaurus lepturus Hay p. 510
1902	Phytosaurus priscus Hay p. 510
1902	Phytosaurus rostratus Hay p. 510
1902	Phytosaurus scolopax Hay p. 510
1902	Phytosaurus serridens Hay p. 510
1902	Phytosaurus superciliosus Hay p. 510
1902	Phytosaurus validus Hay p. 510
1902	Heterodontosuchus Hay p. 515
1902	Heterodontosuchus ganei Hay p. 515
1902	Palaeoctonus Huene
1902	Palaeosaurus Huene
1902	Suchoprion Huene
1902	Rileya bristolensis Huene pp. 62-63
1902	Omosaurus Lucas p. 435
1902	Omosaurus perplexus Lucas p. 435
1903	Phytosauria Osborn p. 276
1904	Phytosauria Osborn p. 100
1904	Parasuchia Osborn p. 112
1907	Palaeosaurus stricklandi Sauvage p. 14
1907	Clepsysaurus Sauvage p. 15
1908	Termatosaurus albertii Amthor p. 94 figs. Pl 2, figs 1,2
1908	Rileya bristolensis Huene p. 16
1908	Rileya platyodon Huene p. 16
1908	Rileya bristolensis Huene p. 99
1908	Rileya platyodon Huene p. 99
1910	Belodonti Jaekel p. 340
1911	Mystriosuchus ruetimeyeri Huene p. 31
1911	Belodonti Jaekel p. 163
1913	Rutiodon manhattanensis Huene p. 277
1914	Palaeosaurus Huene p. 146
1915	Parasuchia Lull p. 98
1915	Belodon validus Lull pp. 109-110
1915	Phytosauria Lull p. 109
1915	Rutiodon manhattanensis Lull p. 113
1915	Clepsysaurus Lull p. 119
1915	Palaeosaurus Lull p. 119
1915	Angistorhinus gracilis Mehl p. 146
1917	Phytosauria Lull p. 110
1917	Rutiodon validus Lull p. 110
1917	Parasuchia Lull p. 113
1917	Phytosaurus Watson p. 179
1921	Palaeoctonus Huene p. 561
1921	Palaeoctonus appalachianus Huene p. 561
1921	Palaeoctonus aulacodus Huene p. 563
1921	Suchoprion Huene p. 564
1921	Clepsysaurus Huene p. 565
1921	Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus Huene p. 565
1921	Suchoprion cyphodon Huene p. 565
1921	Clepsysaurus veatleianus Huene p. 567
1922	Leptosuchus imperfecta Case p. 68
1922	Parasuchia Huene p. 22
1922	Angistorhinopsis Huene p. 23
1922	Phytosaurus Huene p. 23
1923	Angistorhinopsis Huene
1923	Angistorhinopsis ruetimeyeri Huene
1928	Parasuchia Perrier p. 3118
1930	Clepsysaurus Camp p. ix
1930	Dicynodon rosmarus Hay p. 63
1930	Phytosaurus Hay p. 142
1930	Phytosaurus cylindricodon Hay p. 142
1930	Phytosaurus leaii Hay p. 142
1930	Phytosaurus lepturus Hay p. 142
1930	Phytosaurus scolopax Hay p. 142
1930	Phytosaurus superciliosus Hay p. 142
1930	Phytosaurus validus Hay p. 142
1930	Angistorhinus gracilis Hay p. 143
1930	Leptosuchus imperfectus Hay p. 143
1930	Heterodontosuchus Hay p. 144
1930	Heterodontosuchus ganei Hay p. 144
1930	Rutiodon manhattanensis Hay p. 145
1930	Palaeoctonus Hay p. 171
1930	Palaeoctonus appalachianus Hay p. 171
1930	Palaeoctonus dumblianus Hay p. 171
1930	Clepsysaurus Hay p. 172
1930	Clepsysaurus fraserianus Hay p. 172
1930	Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus Hay p. 172
1930	Clepsysaurus veatleianus Hay p. 172
1930	Palaeoctonus orthodon Hay p. 172
1930	Suchoprion Hay p. 172
1930	Suchoprion aulacodus Hay p. 172
1930	Suchoprion cyphodon Hay p. 172
1930	Suchoprion sulcidens Hay p. 172
1932	Francosuchus Kuhn
1932	Francosuchus broilii Kuhn p. 123
1932	Francosuchus latus Kuhn p. 123
1934	Thecodontosaurus platyodon Swinton p. 31
1937	Parasuchia Roxo p. 44
1937	Phytosauria Roxo p. 44
1938	Palaeosaurus Berckhemer p. 196
1939	Palaeosaurus Kuhn p. 57
1940	Brachysuchus maleriensis Huene p. 21
1940	Phytosaurus plieningeri Huene p. 23
1941	Clepsysaurus Colbert and Chafee p. 12
1941	Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus Colbert and Chafee p. 12
1941	Clepsysaurus manhattanensis Colbert and Chafee p. 14
1941	Clepsysaurus validus Colbert and Chafee p. 14
1944	Clepsysaurus Rapp p. 287
1944	Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus Rapp p. 287
1946	Parasuchia Kuhn p. 64
1953	Clepsysaurus Lull p. 89
1954	Parasuchia Huene p. 44
1956	Palaeosaurus Romer p. 614
1957	Phytosauria Baird p. 486
1957	Thecodontosaurus platyodon Robinson p. 262
1958	Phytosaurus maleriensis Colbert p. 75
1958	Parasuchia Huene p. 205
1961	Rileyasuchus bristolensis Kuhn
1962	Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus Gregory p. 4
1962	Mystriosuchus plieningeri Gregory p. 12
1963	Termatosaurus alberti Persson pp. 21-22
1964	Parasuchia Kuhn p. 317
1964	Phytosaurus Kuhn p. 319
1964	Rileyasuchus bristolensis Kuhn p. 319
1964	Francosuchus Kuhn p. 324
1966	Parasuchia Kuhn p. 77
1966	Belodon Kuhn p. 81
1966	Francosuchus Kuhn p. 81
1966	Phytosaurus Kuhn p. 81
1967	Parasuchia Charig p. 704
1967	Phytosaurus Charig p. 704
1967	Rutiodon rutimeyeri Charig p. 709
1970	Palaeosauriscus platyodon Steel p. 25
1970	Palaeosauriscus fraserianus Steel p. 26
1970	Palaeosauriscus stricklandi Steel p. 26
1971	Belodon plieningeri Kuhn p. 14
1971	Francosuchus broilii Kuhn p. 14
1971	Parasuchida Kuhn p. 14
1971	Angistorhinopsis Kuhn p. 15
1971	Angistorhinopsis ruetimeyeri Kuhn p. 15
1971	Termatosaurus albertii Kuhn p. 20
1974	Parasuchia Haubold p. 40
1985	Parasuchia Galton
1985	Parasuchia Gauthier and Padian pp. 187-189 fig. 1
1988	Belodon Carroll
1988	Phytosauria Carroll
1990	Parasuchia Sereno and Arcucci p. 39 fig. 7
1991	Parasuchia Sereno p. 27
1993	Parasuchia Parrish p. 290 fig. 1
1995	Parasuchia Long and Murry
2002	Phytosauria Hungerbühler p. 380
2005	Parasuchia Irmis pp. 71-72
2007	Phytosauria Weinbaum and Hungerbühler p. 141
2010	Phytosauria Stocker
2011	Phytosauria Nesbitt p. 193 fig. 51
2016	Phytosauria Ezcurra

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967

Rank	Name	Author
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
—	Pseudosuchia	(Zittel 1890)
—	Phytosauria	(Jaeger 1828)
—	Phytosauria	(Jaeger 1828)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Phytosauria Jaeger 1828

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G. †Coburgosuchus Heller 1954

†Coburgosuchus goeckeli Heller 1954

G. †Diandongosuchus Li et al. 2012

†Diandongosuchus fuyuanensis Li et al. 2012

G. †Heterodontichnites Rinehart et al. 2006

†Heterodontichnites hunti Rinehart et al. 2006

Fm. †Parasuchidae Lydekker 1885

G. †Apatopus Baird 1957

†Apatopus lineatus Bock 1952

G. †Ebrachosuchus Kuhn 1936

†Ebrachosuchus neukami Kuhn 1936

Subfm. †Mystriosuchinae von Huene 1915

G. †Angistorhinus Mehl 1913

†Angistorhinus aeolamnis Eaton 1965

†Angistorhinus alticephalus Stovall and Wharton Jr. 1936

†Angistorhinus grandis Mehl 1913

†Angistorhinus maximus Mehl 1928

†Angistorhinus parvus Mehl 1928

†Angistorhinus talainti Dutuit 1977

G. †Brachysuchus Case 1929

†Brachysuchus megalodon Case 1929

Unr. †Leptosuchomorpha Stocker 2010

G. †Leptosuchus Case 1922

†Leptosuchus crosbiensis Case 1922

Invalid names: Phytosaurus doughtyi Case 1920 [synonym]

†Leptosuchus studeri Case and White 1934

Unr. †Mystriosuchini Huene 1915

G. †Machaeroprosopus Mehl 1916

Invalid names: Arribasuchus Long and Murry 1995 [synonym], Pseudopalatus Mehl 1928 [synonym], Redondasaurus Hunt and Lucas 1993 [synonym]

G. †Mystriosuchus Fraas 1896

Invalid names: Pseudopalatinae Long and Murry 1995 [replaced]

G. †Pravusuchus Stocker 2010

†Pravusuchus hortus Stocker 2010

G. †Smilosuchus Long and Murry 1995

†Smilosuchus adamanensis Camp 1930

Invalid names: Machaeroprosopus zunii Camp 1930 [synonym]

†Smilosuchus gregorii Camp 1930

†Smilosuchus lithodendrorum Camp 1930

G. †Protome Stocker 2012

†Protome batalaria Stocker 2012

G. †Rutiodon Emmons 1856

†Rutiodon carolinensis Emmons 1856

Invalid names: Metarhinus Jaekel 1910 [synonym], Palaeonornis Emmons 1857 [nomen dubium], Palaeonornis struthionoides Emmons 1857 [nomen dubium]

G. †Volcanosuchus Datta et al. 2019

†Volcanosuchus statisticae Datta et al. 2019

Invalid names: Phytosauridae Jaeger 1828 [replaced]

G. †Parasuchus Lydekker 1885

†Parasuchus angustifrons Kuhn 1936

†Parasuchus bransoni Williston 1904

†Parasuchus hislopi Lydekker 1885

†Parasuchus magnoculus Long and Murry 1995

Invalid names: Arganarhinus Long and Murry 1995 [synonym], Paleorhinus Williston 1904 [synonym]

G. †Wannia Stocker 2013

†Wannia scurriensis Langston 1949

Invalid names: Parasuchinae Lydekker 1885 [empty]

G. †Promystriosuchus Case 1922

G. †Rectilinetopus Biron and Dutuit 1981

†Rectilinetopus ourikensis Biron and Dutuit 1981

G. †Termatosaurus Plieninger 1844

†Termatosaurus alberti Meyer and Plieninger 1844

†Termatosaurus crocodilinus Quenstedt 1858

Invalid names: Angistorhinopsis Huene 1922 [nomen dubium], Angistorhinopsis ruetimeyeri Huene 1911 [nomen dubium], Angistorhinus gracilis Mehl 1915 [nomen dubium], Belodon Meyer 1844 [nomen dubium], Belodon ingens Fraas 1896 [nomen dubium], Belodon lepturus Cope 1869 [nomen dubium], Belodon plieningeri Meyer 1844 [nomen dubium], Belodon scolopax Cope 1881 [nomen dubium], Belodon superciliosus Cope 1893 [nomen dubium], Belodon validus Marsh 1893 [nomen dubium], Brachysuchus maleriensis Huene 1940 [nomen dubium], Centemodon Lea 1856 [nomen dubium], Centemodon sulcatus Lea 1856 [nomen dubium], Clepsysaurus Lea 1851 [nomen dubium], Clepsysaurus leai Emmons 1856 [nomen dubium], Clepsysaurus pennsylvanicus Lea 1851 [nomen dubium], Clepsysaurus veatleianus Cope 1877 [nomen dubium], Compsosaurus Leidy 1856 [nomen dubium], Compsosaurus priscus Leidy 1856 [nomen dubium], Dicynodon rosmarus Cope 1870 [nomen dubium], Eurydorus Leidy 1859 [nomen dubium], Eurydorus serridens Leidy 1859 [nomen dubium], Francosuchus Kuhn 1932 [nomen dubium], Francosuchus broilii Kuhn 1932 [nomen dubium], Francosuchus latus Kuhn 1932 [nomen dubium], Heterodontosuchus Lucas 1898 [nomen dubium], Heterodontosuchus ganei Lucas 1898 [nomen dubium], Leptosuchus imperfecta Case 1922 [nomen dubium], Omosaurus Leidy 1856 [nomen dubium], Omosaurus perplexus Leidy 1856 [nomen dubium], Palaeoctonus Cope 1877 [nomen dubium], Palaeoctonus appalachianus Cope 1877 [nomen dubium], Palaeoctonus aulacodus Cope 1877 [nomen dubium], Palaeoctonus dumblianus Cope 1893 [nomen dubium], Palaeoctonus orthodon Cope 1893 [nomen dubium], Palaeosaurus Riley and Stutchbury 1836 [nomen dubium], Palaeosaurus fraserianus Cope 1878 [nomen dubium], Palaeosaurus platyodon Riley and Stutchbury 1836 [nomen dubium], Palaeosaurus stricklandi Davis 1881 [nomen dubium], Parasuchia Huxley [synonym], Phytosaurus Jaeger 1828 [nomen dubium], Phytosaurus cubicodon Jaeger 1828 [nomen dubium], Phytosaurus cylindricodon Jaeger 1828 [nomen dubium], Rhytidodon rostratus Marsh 1896 [nomen dubium], Rileya bristolensis Huene 1902 [nomen dubium], Rutiodon manhattanensis Huene 1913 [nomen dubium], Suchoprion Cope 1877 [nomen dubium], Suchoprion cyphodon Cope 1877 [nomen dubium], Suchoprion sulcidens Cope 1878 [nomen dubium], Termatosaurus albertii Meyer and Plieninger 1844 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
E. Perrier 1928 (Parasuchia)	Des dents sur toute la longueur des prémaxillaires qui sont très longs. Narines placées très en arrière. Vertèbres biconcaves ou biplanes.
M. R. Stocker 2010	A stem-based group that is the most inclusive clade containing Rutiodon carolinensis (Emmons 1856) but not Aetosaurus ferratus (Fraas 1877), Rauisuchus tiradentes (Huene 1942), Prestosuchus chiniquensis (Huene 1942), Ornithosuchus woodwardi (Newton 1894) or Crocodylus niloticus (Laurenti 1768).
S. J. Nesbitt 2011	The most inclusive clade containing Rutiodon carolinensis(Emmons, 1856) but not Aetosaurus ferratus Fraas, 1877, Rauisuchus tiradentes Huene, 1942, Prestosuchus chiniquensis Huene, 1942, Ornithosuchus longidens Huxley, 1877, and Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti, 1768 (sensu Sereno, 2005).