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Ptolemaiida
Taxonomy
Ptolemaiida was named by Simons and Bown (1995).
It was assigned to Mammalia by Simons and Bown (1995) and Cote et al. (2007).
It was assigned to Mammalia by Simons and Bown (1995) and Cote et al. (2007).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1995 | Ptolemaiida Simons and Bown |
| 2007 | Ptolemaiida Cote et al. p. 5514 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. †Ptolemaiida Simons and Bown 1995
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Fm. †Ptolemaiidae Osborn 1908
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G. †Cleopatrodon Bown and Simons 1987
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†Cleopatrodon ayeshae Bown and Simons 1987
†Cleopatrodon robusta Bown and Simons 1987
G. †Ptolemaia Osborn 1908
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†Ptolemaia grangeri Bown and Simons 1987
†Ptolemaia lyonsi Osborn 1908
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| S. Cote et al. 2007 | The order Ptolemaiida is difficult to diagnose because the higher-level affinities of the order are unknown, making outgroup selection problematic. Ptolemaiidans can be distinguished relative to all mammals by the combination of the following features: three upper incisors arranged in a parabolic arch, with upper incisor (I)3 well separated from the canine by a diastema; a single rooted canine; upper canines straight with striated enamel; upper premolar (P)3 with protocone shifted far posteriorly, with an accessory cusp distal to the paracone (seen in Kelba and Cleopatrodon; P3 not known in other taxa); upper molars with large protocone and well developed buccal cingu- lum; no preparacrista on upper molar (M)1 or M2; lower premolar (p)4 with large metaconid (reversed in Cleopatrodon); a long infraorbital canal with the anterior opening above P3; and a retracted nasal aperture (seen in lateral view) with premaxilla extending far ventrally relative to dorsal margin. |