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Carcharhinidae (requiem shark)
Taxonomy
Carcharhinidae was named by Jordan and Evermann (1896). It is extant.
It was reranked as the subfamily Carcharhininae by Hay (1902); it was misspelled as Carcharinidae by Weiler (1938), Cassier (1966), Case (1981), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Bendix-Almgreen (1983), Long (1992), Purdy et al. (2001), Compagno (2005), Tabuce et al. (2005), Underwood (2006), Adnet et al. (2007), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Fourriére et al. (2014), Carnevale et al. (2014), Nelson et al. (2016), Engelbrecht et al. (2017), Szabo et al. (2017), Kent (2018), van der Laan (2019), Ebersole et al. (2019), Villafaña et al. (2020), Adnet et al. (2020), Collareta et al. (2022), Verma (2024), Ebersole et al. (2024), Maisch IV et al. (2025), Landau et al. (2025), Cicimurri et al. (2025), Cantalice et al. (2025).
It was assigned to Galeidae by Hay (1902); to Plagiostomi by Weiler (1938); to Musteliformes by Cassier (1966); to Isuroidei by Case (1981); to Galeoidea by Thurmond and Jones (1981); to Lamniformes by Bendix-Almgreen (1983); to Chondrichthyes by Fourriére et al. (2014); and to Carcharhiniformes by Long (1992), Purdy et al. (2001), Compagno (2005), Tabuce et al. (2005), Underwood (2006), Adnet et al. (2007), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Carnevale et al. (2014), Nelson et al. (2016), Engelbrecht et al. (2017), Szabo et al. (2017), Kent (2018), van der Laan (2019), Ebersole et al. (2019), Villafaña et al. (2020), Adnet et al. (2020), Collareta et al. (2022), Verma (2024), Ebersole et al. (2024), Maisch IV et al. (2025), Landau et al. (2025), Cicimurri et al. (2025), Cantalice et al. (2025).
It was reranked as the subfamily Carcharhininae by Hay (1902); it was misspelled as Carcharinidae by Weiler (1938), Cassier (1966), Case (1981), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Bendix-Almgreen (1983), Long (1992), Purdy et al. (2001), Compagno (2005), Tabuce et al. (2005), Underwood (2006), Adnet et al. (2007), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Fourriére et al. (2014), Carnevale et al. (2014), Nelson et al. (2016), Engelbrecht et al. (2017), Szabo et al. (2017), Kent (2018), van der Laan (2019), Ebersole et al. (2019), Villafaña et al. (2020), Adnet et al. (2020), Collareta et al. (2022), Verma (2024), Ebersole et al. (2024), Maisch IV et al. (2025), Landau et al. (2025), Cicimurri et al. (2025), Cantalice et al. (2025).
It was assigned to Galeidae by Hay (1902); to Plagiostomi by Weiler (1938); to Musteliformes by Cassier (1966); to Isuroidei by Case (1981); to Galeoidea by Thurmond and Jones (1981); to Lamniformes by Bendix-Almgreen (1983); to Chondrichthyes by Fourriére et al. (2014); and to Carcharhiniformes by Long (1992), Purdy et al. (2001), Compagno (2005), Tabuce et al. (2005), Underwood (2006), Adnet et al. (2007), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Carnevale et al. (2014), Nelson et al. (2016), Engelbrecht et al. (2017), Szabo et al. (2017), Kent (2018), van der Laan (2019), Ebersole et al. (2019), Villafaña et al. (2020), Adnet et al. (2020), Collareta et al. (2022), Verma (2024), Ebersole et al. (2024), Maisch IV et al. (2025), Landau et al. (2025), Cicimurri et al. (2025), Cantalice et al. (2025).
Subtaxa
Alopiopsis, Aprionodon, Archaeogaleus, Carcharhininae, Carcharhinus, Danogaleus, Eogaleus, Galeocerdo, Glyphis, Hypoprion, Isogomphodon, Kruckowlamna, Lamiopsis, Loxodon, Misrichthys, Nasolamia, Negaprion, Physodon, Prionace (syn. Carcharias (Prionodon)), Pseudabdounia, Rhizoprionodon, Scoliodontinae, Sphyrna (syn. Zygaena), Triaenodon
Synonyms
|
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1896 | Carcharhinidae Jordan and Evermann |
| 1902 | Carcharhininae Hay p. 312 |
| 1934 | Galeocerdinae Whitley |
| 1938 | Carcharinidae Weiler p. 8 |
| 1966 | Carcharhinidae Cassier p. 86 |
| 1981 | Carcharhinidae Case p. 63 |
| 1981 | Carcharhinidae Thurmond and Jones p. 61 |
| 1983 | Carcharhinidae Bendix-Almgreen p. 2 |
| 1992 | Carcharhinidae Long p. 29 |
| 1997 | Galeocerdinae Noubhani and Cappetta p. 85 |
| 2001 | Carcharhinidae Purdy et al. p. 144 |
| 2005 | Carcharhinidae Compagno |
| 2005 | Carcharhinidae Tabuce et al. p. 385 |
| 2006 | Carcharhinidae Underwood p. 234 |
| 2007 | Carcharhinidae Adnet et al. p. 305 |
| 2009 | Carcharhinidae Cicimurri and Knight p. 632 |
| 2014 | Carcharhinidae Carnevale et al. p. 41 |
| 2014 | Carcharhinidae Fourriére et al. p. 380 |
| 2016 | Carcharhinidae Nelson et al. p. 71 |
| 2017 | Carcharhinidae Engelbrecht et al. p. 18 |
| 2017 | Carcharhinidae Szabo et al. |
| 2018 | Carcharhinidae Kent p. 107 |
| 2019 | Carcharhinidae Ebersole et al. p. 67 |
| 2019 | Galeocerdidae Ebersole et al. p. 98 |
| 2019 | Carcharhinidae van der Laan p. 43 |
| 2020 | Carcharhinidae Adnet et al. p. 6 |
| 2020 | Carcharhinidae Villafaña et al. p. 736 |
| 2022 | Carcharhinidae Collareta et al. p. 6 |
| 2024 | Carcharhinidae Ebersole et al. p. 7 |
| 2024 | Galeocerdidae Verma p. 1994 |
| 2024 | Carcharhinidae Verma p. 1995 |
| 2025 | Carcharhinidae Cantalice et al. p. 5 |
| 2025 | Carcharhinidae Cicimurri et al. p. 26 |
| 2025 | Carcharhinidae Landau et al. p. 20 |
| 2025 | Galeocerdinae Landau et al. p. 20 |
| 2025 | Carcharhinidae Maisch IV et al. p. 25 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Carcharhinidae Jordan and Evermann 1896 [requiem shark]
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G. Aprionodon Gill 1861
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†Aprionodon amekiensis White 1926
†Aprionodon greyegertoni White 1956
†Aprionodon lerichei Dartevelle and Casier 1943
Subfm. Carcharhininae Jordan and Evermann 1896
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Tr. Triaenodontini Bonaparte 1838
+
G. †Abdounia Cappetta 1980
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†Abdounia africana Arambourg 1952
†Abdounia enniskilleni White 1956
†Abdounia finalis Arambourg 1952
†Abdounia mesetae Engelbrecht et al. 2017
†Abdounia minutissima Winkler 1874
†Abdounia recticonia Winkler 1873
†Abdounia richteri Engelbrecht et al. 2017
Invalid names: Carcharhinini Jordan and Evermann 1896 [empty], Rhizoprionodontini Compagno 1988 [empty]
G. Carcharhinus de Blainville 1816
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†Carcharhinus ackermani Santos and Travasos 1960
†Carcharhinus acuarius Probst 1879
Carcharhinus albimarginatus Rüppell 1837
†Carcharhinus altimus Springer 1950
Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides Whitley 1934 [graceful shark]
Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos Bleeker 1856 [grey reef shark]
Carcharhinus amboinensis Muller and Henle 1839 [pigeye shark]
†Carcharhinus antiquus Agassiz 1856
†Carcharhinus balochenisis Adnet et al. 2007
Carcharhinus brachyurus Gunther 1870 [copper shark]
†Carcharhinus brevipinna Müller and Henle 1839
†Carcharhinus cionei Laurito 1999
†Carcharhinus dicelmai Collareta et al. 2022
†Carcharhinus egertoni Agassiz 1843
†Carcharhinus elongatus Leriche 1910
Carcharhinus falciformis Bibron 1841 [silky shark]
†Carcharhinus frequens Dames 1883
Carcharhinus gibbesii Woodward 1889
†Carcharhinus gilmorei Leriche 1942
†Carcharhinus kasserinensis Adnet et al. 2020
Carcharhinus leucas Valenciennes 1839 [bull shark]
†Carcharhinus limbatus Valenciennes 1839
Carcharhinus longimanus Poey 1861 [oceanic whitetip shark]
†Carcharhinus macloti Muller and Henle 1839
†Carcharhinus magdalenae Jordan and Hanibal 1923
†Carcharhinus malembeensis Dartevelle and Casier 1943
†Carcharhinus mancinae Ebersole et al. 2019
†Carcharhinus marcaisi Arambourg 1952
Carcharhinus melanopterus Quoy and Gaimard 1824 [blacktip reef shark]
†Carcharhinus nigeriensis White 1926
Carcharhinus obscurus Le Sueur 1818 [dusky shark]
Carcharhinus perezi Poey 1876
†Carcharhinus perseus Adnet et al. 2007
Carcharhinus plumbeus Nardo 1827 [sandbar shark]
Carcharhinus porosus Ranzani 1839
†Carcharhinus priscus Agassiz 1843
Carcharhinus sealei Pietschmann 1913 [blackspot shark]
Carcharhinus signatus Poey 1868 [night shark]
†Negaprion gibbesi gilmorei White 1956
G. Galeocerdo Müller and Henle 1837 [tiger shark]
+
†Galeocerdo acanthodon Le Hon 1871
†Galeocerdo aduncus Agassiz 1835
†Galeocerdo alabamensis Leriche 1942
†Galeocerdo clarkensis White 1956
Galeocerdo cuvier Peron and LeSueur 1822 [tiger shark]
†Galeocerdo davisi Chapman and Pritchard 1904
†Galeocerdo denticulatus Agassiz 1835
†Galeocerdo eaglesomei White 1926
†Galeocerdo egertoni Agassiz 1843
†Galeocerdo gibberulus Agassiz 1843
†Galeocerdo latidens Agassiz 1835
†Galeocerdo mayumbensis Dartevelle and Casier 1943
†Galeocerdo minor Agassiz 1835
†Galeocerdo mixtus Ameghino 1901
†Galeocerdo platycuspidatum Cicimurri et al. 2025
†Galeocerdo rosaliensis Applegate 1978
†Galeocerdo semilevis White 1926
†Galeocerdo subcrenatus Emmons 1858
Galeocerdo tigrinus Müller and Henle 1838
G. Glyphis Agassiz 1843 [river shark]
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Glyphis glyphis Muller and Henle 1839 [speartooth shark]
†Glyphis hastalis Agassiz 1843
Invalid names: Glyphis orpiensis Daimeries 1888 [nomen nudum]
G. Lamiopsis Gill 1862
G. Loxodon Müller and Henle 1838
G. †Misrichthys Case and Cappetta 1990
G. Nasolamia Compagno and Garrick 1983
G. Negaprion Whitley 1940 [lemon shark]
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Negaprion brevirostris Poey 1868 [lemon shark]
†Negaprion eurybathrodon Blake 1862
†Negaprion gilmorei Leriche 1942
G. Physodon Müller and Henle 1839
+
†Carcharias (Physodon) quartus Bohm 1926
†Physodon contortus Gervais 1872
†Physodon contortus hassiae Jaekel 1898
†Physodon secundus Winkler 1876
†Physodon triqueter Eastman 1904
G. Prionace Cantor 1849 [blue shark]
+
Invalid names: Carcharias (Prionodon) Müller and Henle 1841 [replaced]
G. †Pseudabdounia Ebersole et al. 2019
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†Pseudabdounia claibornensis White 1956
†Pseudabdounia recticonus Winkler 1874
G. Rhizoprionodon Whitley 1929 [sharpnose shark]
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†Rhizoprionodon ficheuri Joleaud 1912
†Rhizoprionodon ganntourensis Arambourg 1952
Rhizoprionodon lalandii Müller and Henle 1839
Rhizoprionodon longurio Jordan and Gilbert 1882
†Rhizoprionodon taxandriae Leriche 1926
Subfm. †Scoliodontinae Whitley 1934
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G. †Scoliodon Muller and Henle 1837
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†Carcharias (Scoliodon) taxandriae Leriche 1926
†Scoliodon conecuhensis Cappetta and Case 2016
†Scoliodon terraenovae Richardson 1836
G. Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810 [hammerhead shark]
+
†Sphyrna americana Leriche 1942
†Sphyrna denticulata Agassiz 1843
†Sphyrna gibbesii Hay 1902
†Sphyrna gracile Cicimurri et al. 2025
†Sphyrna guinoti Adnet et al. 2020
†Sphyrna integra Probst 1878
†Sphyrna itoriensis White 1926
†Sphyrna laevissima Cope 1867
†Sphyrna lata Agassiz 1843
†Sphyrna lewini Griffith and Smith 1834
†Sphyrna magna Cope 1868
†Sphyrna media Springer 1940
Sphyrna mokarran Rüppell 1837 [great hammerhead]
†Sphyrna prisca Agassiz 1843
†Sphyrna prisca eastmani Eastman 1904
†Sphyrna robustum Cicimurri et al. 2025
Sphyrna tiburo Linnaeus 1758
†Sphyrna tortilis White 1926
Sphyrna zygaena Linnaeus 1758 [smooth hammerhead]
Invalid names: Zygaena Cuvier 1816 [synonym]
Invalid names: Galeocerdidae Whitley 1934 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available