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Kentriodon
Taxonomy
Kentriodon was named by Kellogg (1927) [Sepkoski's age data: T Mi-m Sepkoski's reference number: 1066]. It is not extant. It was considered monophyletic by Geisler et al. (2011).
It was assigned to Delphininae by Hay (1930); to Delphinidae by Kellogg (1928), Simpson (1945); to Cetacea by Sepkoski (2002); to Kentriodontinae by Barnes (1978), Barnes (1985), de Muizon (1988), Ichishima et al. (1995), Ichishima (1995), Dawson (1996), McKenna and Bell (1997), Fordyce and de Muizon (2001), Lambert et al. (2005), Whitmore and Kaltenbach (2008), Kazár and Hampe (2014), Salinas-Marquez et al. (2014), Marx et al. (2016); and to Kentriodontidae by Whitmore (1984), Carroll (1988), Benton (1993), Geisler and Sanders (2003), Kazár (2006), Uhen et al. (2008), Fordyce and Roberts (2009), Geisler et al. (2011), Berta (2017), Peredo et al. (2018), Kimura and Hasegawa (2019), Guo and Kohno (2021), Aguirre-Fernández et al. (2022), Godfrey and Lambert (2023), Nobile et al. (2024).
It was assigned to Delphininae by Hay (1930); to Delphinidae by Kellogg (1928), Simpson (1945); to Cetacea by Sepkoski (2002); to Kentriodontinae by Barnes (1978), Barnes (1985), de Muizon (1988), Ichishima et al. (1995), Ichishima (1995), Dawson (1996), McKenna and Bell (1997), Fordyce and de Muizon (2001), Lambert et al. (2005), Whitmore and Kaltenbach (2008), Kazár and Hampe (2014), Salinas-Marquez et al. (2014), Marx et al. (2016); and to Kentriodontidae by Whitmore (1984), Carroll (1988), Benton (1993), Geisler and Sanders (2003), Kazár (2006), Uhen et al. (2008), Fordyce and Roberts (2009), Geisler et al. (2011), Berta (2017), Peredo et al. (2018), Kimura and Hasegawa (2019), Guo and Kohno (2021), Aguirre-Fernández et al. (2022), Godfrey and Lambert (2023), Nobile et al. (2024).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1927 | Kentriodon Kellogg p. 4 figs. Plates 1-15 |
| 1928 | Kentriodon Kellogg p. 33 figs. Table 1 |
| 1930 | Kentriodon Hay p. 588 |
| 1931 | Grypolithax Kellogg |
| 1945 | Grypolithax Simpson p. 103 |
| 1945 | Kentriodon Simpson p. 103 |
| 1977 | Grypolithax Barnes p. 327 |
| 1978 | Kentriodon Barnes p. 26 |
| 1984 | Kentriodon Whitmore p. 230 |
| 1985 | Kentriodon Barnes p. 25 |
| 1988 | Kentriodon Carroll |
| 1988 | Kentriodon de Muizon p. 162 |
| 1993 | Kentriodon Benton p. 762 |
| 1995 | Kentriodon Ichishima p. 475 |
| 1995 | Kentriodon Ichishima et al. p. 487 |
| 1996 | Kentriodon Dawson p. 132 |
| 1997 | Kentriodon McKenna and Bell p. 388 |
| 2001 | Kentriodon Fordyce and de Muizon p. 179 |
| 2002 | Kentriodon Sepkoski |
| 2003 | Kentriodon Geisler and Sanders p. 28 |
| 2005 | Kentriodon Lambert et al. p. 240 |
| 2006 | Kentriodon Kazár p. 282 |
| 2008 | Kentriodon Uhen et al. p. 589 |
| 2008 | Kentriodon Whitmore and Kaltenbach p. 198 |
| 2009 | Kentriodon Fordyce and Roberts p. 553 |
| 2011 | Kentriodon Geisler et al. p. 6 figs. Table 1 |
| 2014 | Kentriodon Kazár and Hampe p. 1217 |
| 2014 | Kentriodon Salinas-Marquez et al. p. 149 |
| 2016 | Kentriodon Marx et al. p. 134 |
| 2017 | Kentriodon Berta p. 163 |
| 2018 | Kentriodon Peredo et al. p. 2 |
| 2019 | Kentriodon Kimura and Hasegawa |
| 2021 | Kentriodon Guo and Kohno p. 5 |
| 2022 | Kentriodon Aguirre-Fernández et al. p. 4 |
| 2023 | Kentriodon Godfrey and Lambert p. 105 |
| 2024 | Kentriodon Nobile et al. p. 27 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Kentriodon Kellogg 1927
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†Kentriodon diusinus Salinas-Marquez et al. 2014
†Kentriodon fuchsii Brandt 1873
†Kentriodon hobetsu Ichishima 1995
†Kentriodon hoepfneri Kazár and Hampe 2014
†Kentriodon nakajimai Kimura and Hasegawa 2019
†Kentriodon pernix Kellogg 1927
†Kentriodon schneideri Whitmore and Kaltenbach 2008
†Kentriodon sugawarai Guo and Kohno 2021
Invalid names: Grypolithax Kellogg 1931 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| C. Peredo et al. 2018 | A clade of stem delphinidans including Kentriodon, Rudicetus, Kampholophos, and Wimahl, gen. nov. Slijper (1936) used the name Kentriodontinae to group Kentrio- don and Delphinidon, on the basis of a greater number of two- headed ribs and a lower degree of specialization. Barnes (1978) elevated the subfamily to a family without providing an explicit diagnosis but mentioned a few key characters: less cranial asym- metry than the family Delphinidae; obvious contact between the nasals and the premaxillae; and no excavation on the ventral side for the middle ear sinuses. Several taxa have been added to the family since, although no emended diagnosis has been provided. Here, we distinguish the Kentriodontidae from other stem del- phinidans by the following synapomorphies: dorsal surface of the mandibular condyle at the same level as the rest of the mandible; an angle between the anterior process and the cochlear process approximately 90 , with a cochlear process that is rectangular or semicircular in ventral view; an absent stylomastoid fossa; an absent dorsal edge of the tegmen tympani lateral to the aperture for the vestibular aqueduct; and lateral edges of the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae angled anteromedially relative to the sagittal plane. | |
| Z. Guo and N. Kohno 2021 | Kentriodon differs from other genera of kentriodontids by the following unique combination of characters: the cheek tooth entocingulum is present (Chr. 28); the dorsal edge of the orbit is low, either in line with the edge of the rostrum or slightly above it (Chr. 47); the position of the inflection of premaxilla is located in line with the posterior half of the supraorbital process or in line with the postorbital process of frontal (Chr. 109); in lateral view, the dorsal edge of the zygomatic process preserves a distinct dorsal flange or process near the anterior end, articulates with the frontal (Chr. 164); and the postzygapophysis is appearing as a crest, elongated dorsolaterally from anterior view (Chr. 328). In this regard, Rudicetus squalodontoides could also be included in this genus. |