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Solitudo

Osteichthyes - Testudines - Testudinidae

Discussion

Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:08DE006C-E90B-4605-9711-952D72904E5F.

Etymology: From the Latin word solitudo, feminine, third declension, meaning solitude, loneliness, in allusion to the insular isolation of these tortoises. Also, the termination -tudo alludes to the name Testudo and the testudinid affinities of this new taxon.

Taxonomy

Entered
by E. Vlachos on 2022-07-02; modified by E. Vlachos on 2022-07-03

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2022Solitudo Valenti et al.
2025Solitudo Georgalis et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
RankNameAuthor
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
Diapsida()
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
ArchelosauriaCrawford 2015
Pantestudines
Testudinata(Oppel 1811)
orderTestudinesBatsch 1788
suborderCryptodira
Pantestudinoidea
superfamilyTestudinoidea
familyTestudinidaeBatsch 1788
genusSolitudo

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Solitudo Valenti et al. 2022
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Solitudo gymnesica Bate 1914
Solitudo robusta Leith-Adams 1877
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Invalid names: Testudo robustissima Tagliaferro 1913 [synonym], Testudo spratti Leith-Adams 1877 [synonym]
Solitudo sicula Valenti et al. 2022
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
P. Valenti et al. 2022Members of Solitudo belong to Testudinidae because of the ventral fusion of the trochanters of the femur. However, Solitudo species show an incomplete fusion of the trochanters dorsally, in contrast to other testudinid genera in which the trochanters are connected proximally via a rounded ridge. Furthermore, members of Solitudo have femurs that are slender, with a femoral head that is narrower than the combined anteroposterior width of the trochanters and an oblique orientation compared to the anteroposterior plane between 25°–45°, in contrast to other genera with relatively massive femora and broad and less oblique femoral heads, forming an angle that is less than 25° with the anteroposterior plane.
G. L. Georgalis et al. 2025The Gargano material matches the additional diagnostic characters of the genus, in particularly the slender diaphysis, the femoral head that is narrower than the combined anteroposterior width of the trochanters, and the oblique orientation compared to the anteroposterior plane (30°). Still, we are unable to confidently identify this material as belonging to Solitudo, as the major trochanter of the femur is missing. Thus, the Gargano tortoise material is left with open nomenclature, as cf. Solitudo sp.
Nevertheless, compared to the Sicilian taxon, the Gargano tortoise preserves additional elements of the shell that allow discussing some interesting characters. A striking feature is that the scute sulci are preserved as deep furrows with distinct raised ridges. The extent of the lingual ridge towards the symphyseal area is similar to the condition seen in members of Geochelona and not as in Testudona (or Testudinini in alternative terminology) based on the comprehensive compendium of Evers et al. (2023)