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Bothremydidae

Reptilia - Testudines

Taxonomy
Bothremydidae was named by Baur (1891). Its type is Bothremys. It was considered monophyletic by Pérez-García (2017).

It was synonymized subjectively with Pelomedusidae by Hay (1902); it was reranked as the unranked clade Bothremydidae by Adrian et al. (2021), Joyce et al. (2021), Cadena et al. (2024), Antunes and Pérez-García (2024).

It was assigned to Pleurodira by Hay (1908); to Chelydoidae by Hay (1930); to Pleurodira by Kuhn (1946), Kuhn (1966); to Bothremydinura by Gaffney et al. (2006); to Podocnemidoidea by Pérez-García and Ortega (2018); to Pelomedusoides by Joyce et al. (2004), Pérez-García (2017), Joyce and Bandyopadhyay (2020), Pérez-García (2020), López-Conde et al. (2021); to Pleurodira by Gaffney et al. (2009), Noto et al. (2022); to Pleurodira by Sullivan et al. (2012), Cadena et al. (2024); and to Pelomedusoides by Tong and Gaffney (2000), Pérez-García et al. (2013), de Araujo Carvalho et al. (2016), Pérez-Garcia (2020), Adrian et al. (2021), Joyce et al. (2021), Maniel et al. (2021), Antunes and Pérez-García (2024).

Synonyms
  • Podocnemis somaliensis was named by Walker (1966). Its type specimen is Sedgwick Museum C 54.276, a shell (almost complete carapace and plastron), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Biyo Gora, which is in a Lutetian marine horizon in Somalia.

    It was considered an invalid subgroup of Bothremydidae by Gaffney et al. (2006).
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1891Bothremydidae Baur
1908Bothremydidae Hay p. 102
1930Bothremydidae Hay p. 74
1946Bothremydidae Kuhn p. 58
1966Bothremydidae Kuhn p. 31
1966Podocnemis somaliensis Walker p. 511
2000Bothremydidae Tong and Gaffney p. 10
2004Bothremydidae Joyce et al.
2006Bothremydidae Gaffney et al. p. 45
2009Bothremydidae Gaffney et al. p. 2
2012Bothremydidae Sullivan et al.
2013Bothremydidae Pérez-García et al.
2016Bothremydidae de Araujo Carvalho et al.
2017Bothremydidae Pérez-García p. 2
2018Bothremydidae Pérez-García and Ortega
2020Bothremydidae Joyce and Bandyopadhyay
2020Bothremydidae Pérez-Garcia
2020Bothremydidae Pérez-García
2021Bothremydidae Adrian et al.
2021Bothremydidae Joyce et al.
2021Bothremydidae López-Conde et al.
2021Bothremydidae Maniel et al.
2022Bothremydidae Noto et al. p. 3
2024Bothremydidae Antunes and Pérez-García
2024Bothremydidae Cadena et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
RankNameAuthor
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
—Testudinata(Oppel 1811)
orderTestudinesBatsch 1788
suborderPleurodira
—Bothremydidae(Baur 1891)
—Bothremydidae(Baur 1891)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Bothremydidae Baur 1891
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G. †Arenila Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998
+
†Arenila krebsi Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998
G. †Atolchelys Romano et al. 2014
+
†Atolchelys lepida Romano et al. 2014
G. †Azabbaremys Gaffney et al. 2001
+
†Azabbaremys moragjonesi Gaffney et al. 2001
Subfm. †Bothremydinae Gaffney 1975
+
G. †Paiutemys Joyce et al. 2016
Invalid names: Cearachelyodda Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty]
Tr. †Bothremydini Gaffney et al. 2006
+
Subtr. †Bothremydina Gaffney et al. 2006
+
G. †Akoranemys Pérez-Garcia 2020
+
†Akoranemys madagasika Pérez-Garcia 2020
G. †Algorachelus Pérez-García 2017
+
†Algorachelus parvus Haas 1978
+
Invalid names: Podocnemis judaea Haas 1978 [synonym]
†Algorachelus peregrina Pérez-García 2017
†Algorachelus tibert Joyce et al. 2016
G. †Araiochelys Gaffney et al. 2006
+
†Araiochelys hirayamai Gaffney et al. 2006
G. †Bothremys Leidy 1865
+
†Bothremys arabicus Zalmout et al. 2005
†Bothremys cooki Leidy 1865
†Bothremys kellyi Gaffney et al. 2006
†Bothremys maghrebiana Gaffney et al. 2006
Invalid names: Karkaemys Zalmout et al. 2005 [synonym]
G. †Zolhafah Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998
+
†Zolhafah bella Lapparent de Broin and Werner 1998
Subtr. †Foxemydina Gaffney et al. 2006
+
G. †Foxemys Tong et al. 1998
+
†Foxemys mechinorum Tong et al. 1998
†Foxemys trabanti Rabi et al. 2012
G. †Iberoccitanemys Pérez-García et al. 2012
+
†Iberoccitanemys atlanticum Lapparent de Broin and Murelaga 1996
+
Invalid names: Elochelys convenarum Laurent et al. 2002 [synonym]
G. †Polysternon Portis 1882
+
†Polysternon provinciale Matheron 1869
+
Invalid names: Elochelys major Nopsca 1931 [synonym]
G. †Tartaruscola Pérez-García 2016
+
†Tartaruscola teodorii Pérez-García 2016
Invalid names: Polysternon isonae Marmi et al. 2012 [nomen dubium]
G. †Khargachelys AbdelGawad et al. 2023
+
†Khargachelys caironensis AbdelGawad et al. 2023
G. †Palauchelys López-Conde et al. 2021
+
†Palauchelys montellanoi López-Conde et al. 2021
G. †Puentemys Cadena et al. 2012
+
†Puentemys mushaisaensis Cadena et al. 2012
Unr. †Bothremydodda Gaffney et al. 2006
+
G. †Abalakemys Pérez-García 2023
+
†Abalakemys chapmanae Pérez-García 2023
G. †Carteremys Williams 1953
+
†Carteremys leithii Carter 1852
Tr. †Cearachelyini Gaffney et al. 2006
+
G. †Elkanemys Maniel et al. 2021
+
†Elkanemys pritchardi Maniel et al. 2021
G. †Galianemys Gaffney et al. 2002
+
†Galianemys emringeri Gaffney et al. 2002
†Galianemys whitei Gaffney et al. 2002
G. †Cearachelys Gaffney et al. 2001
+
†Cearachelys placidoi Gaffney et al. 2001
G. †Chedighaii Gaffney et al. 2006
+
†Chedighaii barberi Schmidt 1940
+
Invalid names: Podocnemis alabamae Zangerl 1948 [synonym]
†Chedighaii hutchisoni Gaffney et al. 2006
G. †Elochelys Nopsca 1931
+
†Elochelys perfecta Nopsca 1931
G. †Inaechelys de Araujo Carvalho et al. 2016
Tr. †Kurmademydini Gaffney et al. 2006
+
G. †Jainemys Joyce and Bandyopadhyay 2020
+
†Jainemys pisdurensis Jain 1977
G. †Kinkonychelys Gaffney et al. 2009
+
†Kinkonychelys rogersi Gaffney et al. 2009
G. †Kurmademys Gaffney et al. 2001
+
†Kurmademys kallamedensis Gaffney et al. 2001
G. †Labrostochelys Gaffney et al. 2006
+
†Labrostochelys galkini Gaffney et al. 2006
G. †Nigeremys Broin 1977
+
†Nigeremys gigantea Bergounoux and Crouzel 1968
Invalid names: Potamochelys Fitzinger 1843 [synonym]
G. †Palemys Gray 1870
+
†Palemys bowerbankii Owen 1842
+
Invalid names: Dacochelys delabechei Bell 1849 [synonym], Emys conybearii Owen 1858 [synonym], Emys delabechii Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym], Emys laevis Owen and Bell 1849 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dacochelys Lydekker 1889 [synonym]
G. †Phosphatochelys Gaffney and Tong 2003
+
†Phosphatochelys tedfordi Gaffney and Tong 2003
G. †Pleurochayah Adrian et al. 2021
+
†Pleurochayah appalachius Adrian et al. 2021
G. †Rhothonemys Gaffney et al. 2006
+
†Rhothonemys brinkmani Gaffney et al. 2006
G. †Rosasia Costa 1940
+
†Rosasia soutoi Carrington da Costa 1940
Invalid names: Inaechelys pernambucensis de Araujo Carvalho et al. 2016 [nomen dubium]
G. †Sankuchemys Gaffney et al. 2003
+
†Sankuchemys sethnai Gaffney et al. 2003
G. †Sindhochelys de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2021
+
†Sindhochelys ragei de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2021
Tr. †Taphrosphyini Gaffney et al. 2006
+
G. †Chupacabrachelys Lehman and Wick 2010
+
†Chupacabrachelys complexus Lehman and Wick 2010
G. †Ilatardia Pérez-García 2019
+
†Ilatardia cetiotesta Pérez-García 2019
Subtr. †Taphrosphyina Gaffney et al. 2006
+
G. †Acleistochelys Gaffney et al. 2007
+
†Acleistochelys maliensis Gaffney et al. 2007
G. †Eotaphrosphys Pérez-García 2018
+
†Eotaphrosphys ambiguum Gaudry 1890
G. †Motelomama Pérez-García 2018
+
†Motelomama olssoni Schmidt 1931
Invalid names: Crassachelys Moody 1972 [nomen dubium], Eusarkia Bergounioux 1952 [nomen dubium], Gafsachelys Stefano 1903 [nomen dubium], Nigeremydina Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty]
G. †Taphrosphys Cope 1869
+
†Taphrosphys ippolitoi Gaffney et al. 2006
†Taphrosphys nodosus Cope 1870
†Taphrosphys strenuus Cope 1870
+
Invalid names: Prochonias princeps Cope 1869 [synonym]
†Taphrosphys sulcatus Leidy 1856
+
Invalid names: Amblypeza antellius Hay 1908 [synonym], Prochonias longinuchus Cope 1870 [synonym], Taphrosphys enodis Cope 1870 [synonym], Taphrosphys leslianus Cope 1870 [synonym], Taphrosphys molops Cope 1870 [synonym]
Invalid names: Amblypeza Hay 1908 [synonym], Bantuchelys Dollo 1924 [synonym], Prochonias Cope 1869 [synonym]
G. †Ummulisani Gaffney et al. 2006
+
†Ummulisani rutgersensis Gaffney et al. 2006
Invalid names: Kurmademydinae Gaffney et al. 2006 [empty], Podocnemis somaliensis Walker 1966 [invalid subgroup]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
O. P. Hay 1908Extinct pleurodire turtles having the skull probably extensively rooft over in the temporal region. Vomer present. Triturating surfaces of the jaws, upper and lower, broad and deeply excavated. Shell as in the Pelomedusidae, with small mesoplastra.
O. A. López-Conde et al. 2021It is recognized as a member of Pelomedusoides based on continuous neural series, composed by hexagonal plates with short antero-lateral margins (except the first and the last one), lacking contact with the suprapygal; absence of shell fontanelles.