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Pachycephalosauria
Taxonomy
Pachycephalosauria was named by Maryańska and Osmólska (1974). It was considered monophyletic by Butler et al. (2008).
It was reranked as the infraorder Pachycephalosauria by Cooper (1985); it was reranked as the unranked clade Pachycephalosauria by Sereno (2000), Buchholz (2002), Butler et al. (2008), Han et al. (2012), Dieudonné et al. (2020).
It was assigned to Neornithopoda by Cooper (1985); to Ornithischia by Maryańska and Osmólska (1974), Zhao (1983), Russell (1984), Maryanska and Osmólska (1985), Carroll (1988), Peng et al. (2001); and to Marginocephalia by Sereno (1986), Sues and Galton (1987), Benton (1990), Dodson (1990), Olshevsky and Ford (1994), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Sereno (2000), Buchholz (2002), Weishampel (2004), Xu et al. (2006), Butler et al. (2007), Butler et al. (2008), Han et al. (2012), Dieudonné et al. (2020).
It was reranked as the infraorder Pachycephalosauria by Cooper (1985); it was reranked as the unranked clade Pachycephalosauria by Sereno (2000), Buchholz (2002), Butler et al. (2008), Han et al. (2012), Dieudonné et al. (2020).
It was assigned to Neornithopoda by Cooper (1985); to Ornithischia by Maryańska and Osmólska (1974), Zhao (1983), Russell (1984), Maryanska and Osmólska (1985), Carroll (1988), Peng et al. (2001); and to Marginocephalia by Sereno (1986), Sues and Galton (1987), Benton (1990), Dodson (1990), Olshevsky and Ford (1994), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Sereno (2000), Buchholz (2002), Weishampel (2004), Xu et al. (2006), Butler et al. (2007), Butler et al. (2008), Han et al. (2012), Dieudonné et al. (2020).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1974 | Pachycephalosauria Maryańska and Osmólska p. 50 |
1983 | Pachycephalosauria Zhao pp. 299-300 |
1984 | Pachycephalosauria Russell p. 29 |
1985 | Pachycephalosauria Cooper p. 291 |
1985 | Pachycephalosauria Maryanska and Osmólska p. 143 fig. 1 |
1986 | Pachycephalosauria Sereno |
1987 | Pachycephalosauria Sues and Galton pp. 36-37 |
1988 | Pachycephalosauria Carroll |
1990 | Pachycephalosauria Benton p. 19 |
1990 | Pachycephalosauria Dodson p. 562 |
1994 | Pachycephalosauria Olshevsky and Ford p. 91 |
1997 | Pachycephalosauria Sereno p. 443 |
1998 | Pachycephalosauria Sereno p. 62 |
1999 | Pachycephalosauria Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2 |
2000 | Pachycephalosauria Sereno p. 482 |
2001 | Pachycephalosauria Peng et al. p. 36 |
2002 | Pachycephalosauria Buchholz p. 20 |
2004 | Pachycephalosauria Weishampel p. 323 |
2006 | Pachycephalosauria Xu et al. p. 2139 fig. 3 |
2007 | Pachycephalosauria Butler et al. p. S18 fig. S2 |
2008 | Pachycephalosauria Butler et al. pp. 21-22 |
2012 | Pachycephalosauria Han et al. p. 1391 fig. 14 |
2020 | Pachycephalosauria Dieudonné et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Pachycephalosauria Maryańska and Osmólska 1974
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Unr. †Eupachycephalosauria Dieudonné et al. 2020
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G. †Homalocephale Maryańska and Osmólska 1974
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†Homalocephale calathocercos Maryańska and Osmólska 1974
G. †Pachycephalosaurus Brown and Schlaikjer 1943
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†Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis Gilmore 1931
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Invalid names: Dracorex hogwartsia Bakker et al. 2006 [synonym], Pachycephalosaurus grangeri Brown and Schlaikjer 1943 [synonym], Pachycephalosaurus reinheimeri Brown and Schlaikjer 1943 [synonym], Stygimoloch spinifer Galton and Sues 1983 [synonym], Tylosteus ornatus Leidy 1872 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dracorex Bakker et al. 2006 [synonym], Stygimoloch Galton and Sues 1983 [synonym], Tylosteus Leidy 1872 [synonym]
G. †Stegoceras Lambe 1902
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†Stegoceras novomexicanum Jasinski and Sullivan 2011
Invalid names: Hanssuessia Sullivan 2003 [synonym], Ornatotholus Galton and Sues 1983 [synonym]
Fm. †Pachycephalosauridae Sternberg 1945
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Subfm. †Pachycephalosaurinae Sereno 1997
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G. †Sphaerotholus Williamson and Carr 2003
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†Sphaerotholus buchholtzae Williamson and Carr 2003
†Sphaerotholus edmontonensis Brown and Schlaikjer 1943
†Sphaerotholus goodwini Williamson and Carr 2003
†Sphaerotholus lyonsi Woodruff et al. 2023
†Sphaerotholus triregnum Woodruff et al. 2023
Unr. †Pachycephalosaurini Sullivan 2003
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Invalid names: Gravitholus Wall and Galton 1979 [nomen dubium], Texacephale Longrich et al. 2010 [nomen dubium], Tholocephalidae Sereno 1986 [synonym]
Invalid names: Homalocephalidae Dong 1978 [empty], Pachycephalosauroidea Zhao 1983 [empty], Tianchungosauroidea Zhao 1983 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available