Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Retispira
Taxonomy
Retispira was named by Knight (1945) [Sepkoski's age data: D Emsi-u Tr Indu-l Sepkoski's reference number: 362]. It is not extant. Its type is Retispira bellireticulata.
It was reranked as Bucanopsis (Retispira) by Elias (1958); it was reranked as Knightites (Retispira) by Knight et al. (1960).
It was assigned to Bucanopsis by Elias (1958); to Knightites by Knight et al. (1960); to Bellerophontida by Sepkoski (2002); to Bellerophontidae by Mazaev (2015); and to Knightitinae by Frýda (2000), Nützel and Ketwetsuriya (2016) and Ketwetsuriya et al. (2020).
It was reranked as Bucanopsis (Retispira) by Elias (1958); it was reranked as Knightites (Retispira) by Knight et al. (1960).
It was assigned to Bucanopsis by Elias (1958); to Knightites by Knight et al. (1960); to Bellerophontida by Sepkoski (2002); to Bellerophontidae by Mazaev (2015); and to Knightitinae by Frýda (2000), Nützel and Ketwetsuriya (2016) and Ketwetsuriya et al. (2020).
Species
Knightites (Retispira) hanzawai, Knightites (Retispira) striata, Knightites (Retispira) warthi, R. albapinensis, R. angustifasciata, R. asiatica, R. bellireticulata (type species), R. bilabiatus, R. bimorpha, R. bittneri, R. boltoni, R. carinatus, R. chenmazijingensis, R. chernyshevi, R. christinae, R. cincta, R. clarkei, R. concinna, R. crucilirata, R. culleni, R. decussatus, R. deflectus, R. devonica, R. elegans (syn. R. decussata), R. elevata, R. emerii, R. espinasa, R. exilis (syn. Bucania textilis), R. fascireticulatus, R. fragilis, R. guizhouensis, R. hibernicus, R. hohenlimburgensis, R. integra, R. irwinensis, R. kansasensis, R. kattaensis, R. keyniana (syn. Knightites (Retispira) waterkeynianus), R. khaophrikensis, R. leda, R. lyelli (syn. Bucania nodulosa, Knightites (Retispira) girtyi, Bellerophon (Bucania) sosiensis, R. sosiensis), R. makatikhae, R. marcouianus, R. matanensis, R. meekiana, R. modesta (syn. R. undulata), R. monronensis, R. mowensis, R. multicancellata, R. multilirata, R. multiscalpta, R. navicula, R. ningxiaensis, R. nodocostata (syn. Knightites (Retispira) rugopleurus), R. nodulifera, R. nolani, R. ordinata, R. ornatissima, R. ornatus, R. otsego, R. patagoniensis, R. perelegans, R. puchenpraensis, R. qingshuiheensis, R. qingshuihensis, R. repertus, R. reticulata, R. reticulatus, R. retifera, R. rumpfi, R. schwelmensis, R. sinensis, R. solignaci, R. strictocanalicula, R. strictura, R. subtilistriata, R. suhaensis, R. sullivani (syn. R. minuta), R. tasselli, R. temnonema, R. tenuilineata, R. tenuilirata, R. texana, R. textiliformis (syn. Knightites (Retispira) bellus), R. textilis (syn. Bellerophon cancellatus), R. triangularis, R. tumidus, R. undata, R. waverliensis, R. yochelsoni
Synonyms
|
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1858 | Bellerophon kansasensis Shumard p. 204 |
1897 | Bucanopsis kansasensis Ulrich and Scofield p. 854 |
1899 | Patellostium kansasensis Girty p. 589 |
1914 | Bucanopsis kansasensis Price p. 534 |
1929 | Bucanopsis kansasensis Weller p. 319 |
1945 | Retispira Knight p. 335 |
1958 | Bucanopsis (Retispira) Elias p. 3 |
1960 | Knightites (Retispira) Knight et al. p. 184 fig. 103.5 |
1960 | Knightites (Retispira) kansasensis Yochelson p. 226 |
2000 | Retispira Frýda p. 359 |
2002 | Retispira Sepkoski |
2015 | Retispira Mazaev p. 879 |
2016 | Retispira Nützel and Ketwetsuriya p. 490 |
2020 | Retispira Ketwetsuriya et al. p. 57 |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Retispira Knight 1945
show all | hide all
†Knightites (Retispira) hanzawai Murata 1971
†Knightites (Retispira) striata Fleming 1828
†Knightites (Retispira) warthi Waagen 1883
†Retispira albapinensis Gordon and Yochelson 1983
†Retispira angustifasciata Waagen 1880
†Retispira asiatica Wirth 1936
†Retispira bellireticulata Knight 1945
†Retispira bilabiatus White and Whitfield 1862
†Retispira bimorpha Guo 1983
†Retispira bittneri Newell and Kummel 1942
†Retispira boltoni Weir 1931
†Retispira carinatus Tolmachoff 1930
†Retispira chenmazijingensis Guo 1983
†Retispira chernyshevi Mazaev 2015
†Retispira christinae Cook et al. 2003
†Retispira cincta Gordon and Yochelson 1987
†Retispira clarkei Dickins 1963
†Retispira concinna Weir 1931
†Retispira crucilirata Dickins 1963
†Retispira culleni Campbell and Engel 1963
†Retispira decussatus Fleming 1828
†Retispira deflectus Weller 1900
†Retispira devonica Hall and Whitfield 1872
†Retispira elegans de Ferrusac and d'Orbigny 1840
+
Invalid names: Retispira decussata Sandberger and Sandberger 1855 [synonym]
†Retispira elevata Heidelberger 2001
†Retispira emerii Etheridge Jr. 1907
†Retispira espinasa Kues 2004
†Retispira fascireticulatus Hoare et al. 1997
†Retispira fragilis Yochelson 1960
†Retispira guizhouensis Pan 1982
†Retispira hibernicus Weir 1931
†Retispira hohenlimburgensis Heidelberger and Koch 2005
†Retispira integra Waagen 1880
†Retispira irwinensis Dickins 1963
†Retispira kattaensis Waagen 1880
†Retispira keyniana de Koninck 1844
+
Invalid names: Knightites (Retispira) waterkeynianus de Koninck 1883 [synonym]
†Retispira khaophrikensis Ketwetsuriya et al. 2020
†Retispira leda Hall 1859
†Retispira lyelli Gemmellaro 1889
+
Invalid names: Bellerophon (Bucania) sosiensis Gemmellaro 1889 [synonym], Bucania nodulosa Mansuy 1914 [synonym], Knightites (Retispira) girtyi Yochelson 1960 [synonym], Retispira sosiensis Gemmellaro 1889 [synonym]
†Retispira makatikhae Jakowlew 1899
†Retispira marcouianus Geinitz 1866
†Retispira matanensis Pan and Yu 1993
†Retispira meekiana Shumard and Swallow 1858
†Retispira monronensis Weller 1916
†Retispira mowensis Peel 2016
†Retispira multicancellata Yu 1974
†Retispira multilirata Yoo 1994
†Retispira multiscalpta Thomas 1930
†Retispira navicula Sowerby 1840
†Retispira ningxiaensis Guo 1983
†Retispira nodocostata Gurley 1884
+
Invalid names: Knightites (Retispira) rugopleurus Gurley 1884 [synonym]
†Retispira nodulifera Hoare 1961
†Retispira nolani Gordon and Yochelson 1983
†Retispira ordinata Gordon and Yochelson 1987
†Retispira ornatissima Waagen 1880
†Retispira ornatus Weller 1920
†Retispira otsego Hall 1859
†Retispira patagoniensis Pinilla and Sabattini 2013
†Retispira perelegans White and Whitfield 1862
†Retispira puchenpraensis Waterhouse and Chen 2006
†Retispira qingshuiheensis Guo 1983
†Retispira qingshuihensis Guo 1983
†Retispira repertus Hall 1879
†Retispira reticulata Elias 1958
†Retispira reticulatus Tolmachoff 1930
†Retispira retifera Talent 1963
†Retispira rumpfi Kittl 1891
†Retispira schwelmensis Heidelberger and Koch 2005
†Retispira sinensis Pan and Erwin 2002
†Retispira solignaci Termier and Termier 1977
†Retispira strictocanalicula Wang 1980
†Retispira strictura Yu 1980
†Retispira subtilistriata Yin 1932
†Retispira suhaensis Kittl 1903
†Retispira tasselli Frýda 2000
†Retispira temnonema Batten 1972
†Retispira tenuilineata Gurley 1884
†Retispira tenuilirata Chronic 1949
†Retispira texana Yochelson 1960
†Retispira textiliformis Gurley 1883
+
Invalid names: Knightites (Retispira) bellus Keyes 1894 [synonym]
†Retispira triangularis Yoo 1994
†Retispira tumidus Sandberger and Sandberger 1853
†Retispira undata Etheridge 1876
†Retispira waverliensis Hyde 1953
†Retispira yochelsoni Jeffery et al. 1994
Invalid names: Retispira kansasensis Shumard 1858 [nomen nudum]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
part | N | mean | minimum | maximum | median | s.d. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
shell height | 62 | 8.34 | 2.30 | 30.5 | 7.55 | 6.27 |
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
Source: f = family, o = order, c = class | |||||
References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy 2009 |
Collections (361 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Pragian | Australia (Victoria) | Bucanopsis retifera (75693 75698) | |
Emsian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Bellerophon carinatus (56282) Bellerophon carinatus, Bucanopsis reticulatus (56276) | |
Emsian | China (Nei Mongol) | Bucanopsis sp. (49135) | |
Emsian | Australia (New South Wales) | R. retifera (43890) | |
Emsian | Canada (Quebec) | Bellerophon sp. (608) | |
Late/Upper Emsian | Luxembourg | Bucanella tumida (232281 233203) | |
Eifelian | USA (Michigan) | Bucanopsis minuta (128912) | |
Eifelian | USA (Alaska) | R. sp., Bucanopsis sullivani (3639) | |
Eifelian | Japan (Iwate) | R. sp. (104031) | |
Middle Devonian | USA (New York) | R. leda (91091 91216 91217 91227 91228 91229 91239 91243) | |
Youngest occurrences |
|||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
Changhsingian | India (Kashmir) | R. ornatissima, R. kattaensis (115373) | |
Changhsingian | China (Guizhou) | R. multicancellata, R. strictura (98029) R. sp. (197493) R. strictocanalicula (112015 112091) | |
Changhsingian | Pakistan | Bucania angustifasciata (89061) Bucania angustifasciata, Bucania integra (119554) Bucania integra (119657 126989) Bucania ornatissima (81504) | |
Changhsingian | China (Xizang) | R. sp. (116130) | |
Changhsingian | Nepal | R. puchenpraensis (62442 62450 120386) | |
Changhsingian | China (Guangxi) | R. matanensis (56891) R. sinensis (56892) | |
Griesbachian | USA (Wyoming) | Bellerophon bittneri (121326) | |
Griesbachian | China (Guizhou) | Euphemites guizhouensis (137818) R. asiatica (121324 121325 200985 200989) | |
Carnian | Italy | Bucania rumpfi (164208) | |
Julian | Italy | Bucania rumpfi (144632) |