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Struthio (ostrich)
Taxonomy
Struthio was named by Linnaeus (1758). It is extant.
It was assigned to Ratitae by Varricchio (2002); and to Struthionidae by Lambrecht (1933), Houde (1988), Carroll (1988), Mlikovsky (2002), Mourer-Chauviré (2008), Mourer-Chauvire and Geraads (2008), Boev and Spassov (2009), del Hoyo et al. (2014), Koufos et al. (2016), Clements et al. (2017) and Kampouridis et al. (2020).
It was assigned to Ratitae by Varricchio (2002); and to Struthionidae by Lambrecht (1933), Houde (1988), Carroll (1988), Mlikovsky (2002), Mourer-Chauviré (2008), Mourer-Chauvire and Geraads (2008), Boev and Spassov (2009), del Hoyo et al. (2014), Koufos et al. (2016), Clements et al. (2017) and Kampouridis et al. (2020).
Species
S. (Pachystruthio) pannonicus, S. anderssoni, S. asiaticus, S. barbarus, S. bradydactylus, S. camelus, S. chersonensis (syn. S. novorossicus, Struthiolithus alexejevi, Struthiolithus adzalycensis, S. orlovi, Palaeostruthio sternatus), S. coppensi, S. karatheodoris, S. linxiaensis, S. molybdophanes, S. mongolicus, S. wimani, Struthiolithus chersonensis
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1758 | Struthio Linnaeus |
1873 | Struthiolithus Brant |
1933 | Struthio Lambrecht p. 98 |
1953 | Palaeostruthio Burčak-Abramovič |
1954 | Struthio (Pachystruthio) Kretzoi |
1988 | Struthio Carroll |
1988 | Struthio Houde |
2002 | Struthio Mlikovsky p. 60 |
2002 | Struthio Varricchio |
2008 | Struthio Mourer-Chauvire and Geraads p. 170 |
2008 | Struthio Mourer-Chauviré |
2009 | Struthio Boev and Spassov |
2014 | Struthio del Hoyo et al. |
2016 | Struthio Koufos et al. |
2017 | Struthio Clements et al. |
2020 | Struthio Kampouridis et al. p. 3 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Struthio Linnaeus 1758 [ostrich]
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†Struthio anderssoni Lowe 1831
†Struthio asiaticus Milne-Edwards 1871 [Asian ostrich]
†Struthio barbarus Arambourg 1979
†Struthio bradydactylus Burchak-Abramovich 1939
Struthio camelus Linnaeus 1758 [common ostrich]
Struthio camelus australis Gurney 1868
†Struthio chersonensis Brant 1873
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Invalid names: Palaeostruthio sternatus Burčak-Abramovič 1953 [synonym], Struthio novorossicus Alexejev 1916 [synonym], Struthio orlovi Kurochkin and Lungu 1970 [synonym], Struthiolithus adzalycensis Roščin 1962 [synonym], Struthiolithus alexejevi Roščin 1962 [synonym]
†Struthio coppensi Mourer-Chauviré et al. 1996
†Struthio karatheodoris Forsyth Major 1888
†Struthio linxiaensis Hou et al. 2005
Struthio molybdophanes Reichenow 1883 [Somali ostrich]
†Struthio mongolicus Lowe 1931
†Struthio wimani Lowe 1931
Invalid names: Pachystruthio Kretzoi 1954 [synonym], Palaeostruthio Burčak-Abramovič 1953 [synonym], Struthiolithus Brant 1873 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: g = genus, o = order | |||||
References: Marsh 1875, Witmer and Rose 1991 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Serravallian to the top of the Holocene or 13.82000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 11.62 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 11.62 Ma
Collections (97 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Miocene - Pliocene | South Africa | Struthio sp. (22220) | |
Serravallian | Ukraine (Cherson) | Struthio asiaticus (60256) | |
Serravallian | Kenya (Central Nyanza) | Struthio sp. (21340) | |
Serravallian - Tortonian | Tunisia (Gafsa) | Struthio sp. (35279 35281) | |
Tortonian | Moldova | Struthio sp. (152254) | |
Tortonian | Ukraine (Odessa) | Struthio novorossicus (75794) Struthio sp. (75796 75797) | |
Tortonian | Ukraine | Struthio brachydactylus, Palaeostruthio sternatus (75800) | |
Tortonian - Messinian | Kenya | Struthio indet. (22241) Struthio sp. (22243) | |
Vallesian | Iraq | Struthio sp. (41735) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Algeria (Oran) | Struthio sp. (136913) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Bulgaria (Blagoevgrad) | Struthio karatheodoris (197445) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Greece (Euboea) | Aves indet. (195435) Struthio karatheodoris (195432) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Morocco | Struthio sp. (210194) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | South Africa (Namaqualand) | Struthio oldawayi (51189) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Bulgaria (Blagoevgrard) | Struthio karatheodoris (197446) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Greece (Aegean) | Struthio caratheodoris (202120) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | Algeria | Struthio sp. (34643) | |
MN 11 | Greece | Struthio karatheodoris (73869) | |
MN 12 | Ukraine (Odessa) | Struthio asiaticus (167995) | |
MN 12 - MN 13 | China (Gansu) | Struthio linxiaensis (96188) | |
Messinian - Zanclean | Kenya | Struthio indet. (22242) | |
Messinian - Piacenzian | South Africa (Cape) | Struthio sp., Struthio australis (59167) | |
Messinian - Piacenzian | Kenya | Struthio sp. (22237) | |
Early/Lower Pliocene | Kenya | Struthio sp. (232486) | |
Early/Lower Pliocene | Moldova | Struthio sp. (198590) | |
Zanclean | South Africa | Struthio sp. (22221 22222) | |
Ruscinian | Turkey (Ankara) | Struthio sp. (34370) | |
Pliocene | Malawi (Northern) | Struthio daberasensis (226065) | |
Pliocene | Russian Federation (Rostovskaya Oblast') | Struthio sp. (39409) | |
Pliocene | Kyrgyzstan | Struthio transcaucasicus (34439) | |
Pliocene | Russian Federation (West-Siberia) | Struthio chersonensis (44866) | |
Zanclean - Piacenzian | Kenya | Struthio indet. (22235) Struthio sp. (22239) | |
MN 15 - MN 16 | Ukraine | Struthio chersonensis (50943) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene | Egypt (Al Buhayrah) | Struthio sp. (42119) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene | Morocco | Struthio asiaticus (32052) Struthio sp. (32054) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene | Egypt | Struthio sp. (22592) | |
Piacenzian | Ethiopia (Afar) | Struthio sp. (224654) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene | India (Punjab) | Struthio camelus (236043) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene - Pleistocene | South Africa | Struthio sp. (22332) | |
MN 16 | Greece (Thessaly) | Struthio chersonensis (205043) | |
Villanyian | Hungary (Fejer) | Pachystruthio pannonicus (35374) | |
Gelasian | Tanzania | Struthio sp. (22593 22595) | |
Gelasian | Ethiopia (Afar) | Struthio sp. (224655) | |
Early/Lower Pleistocene | Turkey | Struthio sp. (39321) | |
Early/Lower Pleistocene | Algeria | Struthio barbarus (224087) | |
Early/Lower Pleistocene | Georgia | Struthio dmanisensis (56733) | |
Early/Lower Pleistocene | Greece | Pachystruthio dmanisensis (230277) | |
Early/Lower Pleistocene | China | Struthio sp. (51471) | |
Gelasian - Calabrian | Tanzania | Struthio sp. (21969 21973) | |
Pleistocene | Morocco | Struthio sp. (34332) | |
Pleistocene | Turkmenistan | Struthio asiaticus (40687) | |
Pleistocene | South Africa | Struthio camelus (21920 21953) Struthio camelus, Struthio australis (21931) Struthio sp. (21825 21829) | |
Pleistocene - Holocene | Sudan | Struthio camelus (21872) | |
Pleistocene - Holocene | South Africa | Struthio australis (21711) Struthio camelus (21950) | |
Pleistocene - Holocene | Congo-Kinshasa | Struthio camelus (22074) | |
Pleistocene - Holocene | Tanzania | Struthio camelus (22188) | |
Calabrian | Tanzania | Struthio sp. (21970 21971 22041 22064 22464 22627 22628) | |
Middle Pleistocene | Morocco | Struthio sp. (42866) | |
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | South Africa | Struthio camelus (198625) | |
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | Kenya | Struthio sp. (22272) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | South Africa | Struthio australis (21709) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | South Africa (Namaqualand) | Struthio camelus (51187) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | Congo-Kinshasa | Struthio camelus (22066) | |
Holocene | South Africa | Struthio camelus (21896 21914) | |
Holocene | Congo-Kinshasa | Struthio camelus (22068) | |
Holocene | Sudan | Struthio camelus (21902 21903 21904 21958) | |
Holocene | South Africa (Orange Free) | Struthio camelus (21858 21861) | |
Holocene | Egypt | Struthio camelus (21878 21907) | |
Holocene | Niger | Struthio camelus (83303 83304) |