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Plesiometacarpalia

Mammalia - Cervidae

Taxonomy
Plesiometacarpalia is an unranked clade. It is extant.

It was assigned to Cervidae by Hassanin and Douzery (2003).

Subtaxa
Cervini, Muntiacini

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2003Plesiometacarpalia Hassanin and Douzery p. 223

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
—Ruminantiamorpha
—Ruminantia(Scopoli 1777)
—Pecora()
familyCervidae
—Plesiometacarpalia
—Plesiometacarpalia

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Tr. Cervini Goldfuss 1820
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G. Axis Gray 1825
+
Subg. Axis (Axis) Gray 1825
Subg. Axis (Hyelaphus) Bechst
+
Axis axis Erxleben 1777 [chital]
Axis kuhlii Müller 1840
Axis porcinus Zimmerman 1780
Invalid names: Cervavus Schlosser 1903 [synonym]
G. †Bohlinella Sprague 1939
+
Invalid names: Deperetia Shikama 1936 [replaced], Nipponicervus Matsumoto [synonym]
G. Cervus Linnaeus 1758
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Subg. †Cervus (Cervequus) Lesson 1842
Subg. Cervus (Cervus) Linnaeus 1758
Subg. †Cervus (Deperetia) Shikama 1936
+
Subg. †Cervus (Leptocervus) Capasso Barbato 1992
Subg. †Cervus (Sika) Sclater 1870
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Cervus albirostris Przewalski 1883
Cervus alfredi Sclater 1870
†Cervus anocerus Kaup 1839
†Cervus aristotelis Lydekker 1886
†Cervus australis de Serres 1838
†Cervus bertholdi Kaup 1839
Cervus bezoarticus Linnaeus 1758 [Pampas deer]
†Cervus brevitrabalis Cope 1889
+
Invalid names: Alces semipalmatus Cope 1889 [synonym]
Cervus canadensis Erxleben 1777 [elk]
†Cervus cornaliai D'Erasmo 1933
†Cervus costrizensis Holl 1829
†Cervus curtocerus Kaup 1839
†Cervus dicranocerus Kaup 1839
Cervus elaphus Linnaeus 1758 [red deer]
†Cervus fortis Cope 1877
Cervus gouazoubira Fischer 1814
†Cervus latus Ameghino 1889
Cervus lydekkeri Martin 1888
Cervus mariannus Desmarest 1822
†Cervus mediterraneus Holl 1829
†Cervus mongoliae Gaudry 1872
†Cervus nanus Kaup 1839
†Cervus nestii Azzaroli 1947
Cervus nippon Temminck 1838
†Cervus obscurus Azzaroli 1953
†Cervus partschii Kaup 1839
†Cervus percultus Ameghino 1902
†Cervus perolensis Azzaroli 1952
†Cervus ruscinensis Depéret 1890
Cervus schomburgki Blythe 1863
†Cervus sedgwickii Leny 1902
†Cervus simplicidens Lydekker 1876
†Cervus sivalensis Lydekker 1876
Cervus timorensis Blainville 1822
†Cervus trigonocerus Kaup 1839
†Cervus triplidens Lydekker 1876
†Cervus tuberculatus Gervais and Ameghino 1880
Cervus unicolor Kerr 1792 [sambar]
Invalid names: Cervus aguangae Frick 1937 [nomen dubium], Cervus fortisi Cope 1878 [nomen dubium], Proboselaphus Matsumoto 1915 [synonym], Proboselaphus watasei Matsumoto 1915 [nomen dubium], Przewalskium Flerov 1930 [synonym]
G. Dama Frisch 1775 [fallow deer]
+
†Cervus (Dama) somonensis Cuvier 1800
Dama dama Linnaeus 1758 [fallow deer]
†Dama eurygonos Azzaroli 1947
†Dama laevicornis Cope 1896
Dama mesopotamica Brooke 1875 [Persian fallow deer]
†Dama roberti Breda and Lister 2013
G. Elaphurus Milne-Edwards 1866 [Pere David's deer]
+
†Elaphurus bifurcatus Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
Elaphurus davidianus Milne Edwards 1866
G. Panolia Pocock 1943
G. Rucervus Hodgson 1838
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Rucervus duvaucelii Cuvier 1823
Rucervus eldii M'Clelland 1842
G. Rusa Smith 1827
+
†Cervus (Rusa) elegans Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
†Cervus (Rusa) leptodus Koken 1885
Rusa equina Cuvier 1825
+
Invalid names: Cervus axis Raffles 1822 [replaced]
†Rusa kendengensis Dubois 1908
Tr. Muntiacini Pockock 1923
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G. Elaphodus Milne-Edwards 1872
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Elaphodus cephalophus Milne-Edwards 1872
G. †Eostylocerus Zdansky 1925
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†Eostylocerus blainvillei Zdansky 1925
†Eostylocerus hezhengensis Deng et al. 2014
†Eostylocerus triangularis Zdansky 1925
G. †Euprox Stehlin 1928
+
†Euprox altus Wang and Zhang 2011
†Euprox furcatus Hensel 1859
†Euprox grandis Hou 2015
†Euprox robustus Dong et al. 2003
G. Megamuntiacus Tuoc et al. 1994
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Megamuntiacus vuquangensis Tuoc et al. 1994
G. Muntiacus Rafinesque 1815 [muntjak]
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Muntiacus atherodes Groves and Grubb 1982 [Bornean yellow muntjac]
†Muntiacus bohlini Teilhard de Chardin 1940
Muntiacus crinifrons Sclater 1885
Muntiacus feae Thomas and Doria 1889 [Fea's muntjac]
†Muntiacus fenghoensis Chow 1956
Muntiacus gongshanensis Ma 1990 [Gongshan muntjac]
†Muntiacus lacustris Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert 1937
†Muntiacus leilaoensis Dong et al. 2004
Muntiacus montanus Robinson and Kloss 1918 [Sumatran muntjac]
Muntiacus moschatus Blainville 1816
Muntiacus muntjak Rafinesque 1815
†Muntiacus nanus Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert 1937
Muntiacus puhoatensis Trai 1997 [Puhoat muntjac]
Muntiacus putaoensis Amato et al. 1999 [leaf deer]
Muntiacus reevesi Ogliby 1839
Muntiacus rooseveltorum Osgood 1932 [Roosevelt's muntjac]
Muntiacus truongsonensis Giao and Tuoc 1998 [Truong Son muntjac]
Muntiacus vuquangensis Tuoc et al. 1994 [Large-antlered muntjac]
†Muntiacus zhaotongensis Dong et al. 2014
Invalid names: Cervulus de Blainville 1816 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: grazerf
Diet 2: browserf
Reproduction: viviparousf
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-09-22 12:03:17
Source: f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Nowak 1999, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1991

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the MN 4 to the top of the Holocene or 16.90000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 15.97 Ma

Collections (482 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene23.03 - 5.333France Euprox furcatus (200296)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333Austria Euprox furcatus (63085)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Pakistan (Punjab) Cervus sp. (232185)
Neogene23.03 - 2.58Taiwan (Tainan) Cervus sp. (76866 76867)
Neogene23.03 - 2.58Italy Cervus sp. (96713)
Neogene23.03 - 2.58Taiwan (N/A) Cervus sp., Cervus timoriensis, Cervus taevanus, Cerves sp., Cervus sintikuensis, Cervus kokubuni, Cervus syatinensis (208234)
Neogene23.03 - 2.58Taiwan (Miao-li) Cervus sp. (76858) Cervus taiouanus (76859)
Neogene23.03 - 2.58Taiwan Cervus sp. (76857) Cervus sp., Cervus taiouanus (76865)
Neogene23.03 - 2.58Taiwan (Taichung) Cervus taiouanus (76862)
MN 416.9 - 15.97Spain (Catalonia) Euprox minimus (176265)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Germany (Bayern) Euprox sp. (44977 45599 45612)
Langhian - Serravallian15.97 - 11.62Poland (Silesia) Euprox furcatus (42588 42595 42596)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Austria (Carinthia) Euprox furcatus (34606)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608China (Nei Mongol) Euprox altus (230437)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Germany (Baden-Wurttemberg) Euprox furcatus (190754)
Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene15.97 - 5.333China (Nei Mongol) Euprox sp. (28781)
Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene15.97 - 5.333Spain (Catalonia) Euprox sp. (199537)
MN 613.65 - 12.75Germany (Bayern) Euprox sp. (45610 45614)
MN 7 + 812.75 - 11.1Spain Euprox sp. (70806)
MN 7 + 812.75 - 11.1Spain (Cataluña) Euprox furcatus (92640)