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Orcinus orca (orca)

Mammalia - Cetacea - Delphinidae

Taxonomy
Delphinus orca was named by Linnaeus (1758) [no type specimen designated No type specimen designated (Hershkovitz, 1966). no type specimen designated No type specimen designated (Hershkovitz, 1966). no type specimen designated No type specimen designated (Hershkovitz, 1966). no type specimen designated No type specimen designated (Hershkovitz, 1966). no type specimen designated No type specimen designated (Hershkovitz, 1966). no type specimen designated No type specimen designated (Hershkovitz, 1966). no type specimen designated No type specimen designated (Hershkovitz, 1966). no type specimen designated No type specimen designated (Hershkovitz, 1966). no type specimen designated No type specimen designated (Hershkovitz, 1966). no type specimen designated No type specimen designated (Hershkovitz, 1966). no type specimen designated No type specimen designated (Hershkovitz, 1966). no type specimen designated No type specimen designated (Hershkovitz, 1966). no type specimen designated No 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It is extant. Its type specimen is 1.

It was recombined as Phocaena orca by De Kay (1842); it was synonymized subjectively with Orca gladiator by Gray (1846), Gray (1846); it was synonymized subjectively with Orca capensis by Gray (1870); it was recombined as Grampus orca by Sherman (1952); it was recombined as Orcinus orca by Palmer (1899), Trouessart (1904), Thomas (1911), Oliver (1922), Scheffer and Rice (1963), Hershkovitz (1966), Gondar (1966), Barnes (1977), Vidal (1991), Rice (1998), Mead and Brownell (2005), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008), Geisler et al. (2011), Perrin et al. (2013), Jefferson (2021).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1758Delphinus orca Linnaeus p. 77
1780Physeter microps Fabricius
1781Delphinus serra Borowski
1789Delphinus gladiator Bonnaterre
1789Orca gladiator Bonnaterre
1804Physeter microps Lacépède p. 227
1804Delphinus orca Lacépède p. 298
1804Delphinus gladiator Lacépède p. 302
1804Delphinus duhameli Lacépède p. 314
1817Delphinus grampus Desmarest
1829Delphinus orca Fischer p. 511
1842Phocaena orca De Kay p. 135
1846Orca gladiator Gray p. 33
1846Orca capensis Gray p. 34
1847Delphinus orca Nilsson p. 603
1850Orca gladiator Gray p. 93
1850Orca capensis Gray p. 95
1852Delphinus orca Gervais p. 148
1858Delphinus victorini Grill
1864Orca gladiator Gray p. 244
1866Orca magellanica Burmeister p. 99 figs. Plate 9, Figure 5
1866Orca gladiator Gray p. 279
1866Orca capensis Gray p. 283
1866Orca schlegelii Lilljeborg
1866Orca eschrichtii Reinhardt
1868Orca (Ophysia) capensis Gray p. 8
1868Orca gladiator Gray p. 8
1868Orca magellanica Gray p. 8
1869Orca ater Scammon and Cope
1869Orca rectipinna Scammon and Cope
1870Orca (Gladiator) stenorhyncha Gray p. 71 figs. Fig. 1 & 3
1870Orca capensis Gray p. 71
1870Orca (Gladiator) latirostris Gray p. 76
1870Orca (Ophysia) pacifica Gray p. 76
1870Orca latirostris Gray p. 76
1870Orca magellanica Gray p. 76
1870Orca pacifica Gray p. 76
1871Orca capensis Gray p. 90
1871Orca stenorhyncha Gray p. 90
1871Orca africana Gray p. 91
1871Orca latirostris Gray p. 91
1871Orca atra Gray p. 92
1871Orca magellanica Gray p. 92
1871Orca rectipinna Gray p. 92
1871Orca tasmanica Gray p. 92
1871Ophysia pacifica Gray p. 93
1871Orca minor Malm
1873Orca ater Scott p. 88
1873Orca gladiator Scott p. 88
1873Orca latirostris Scott p. 88
1873Orca rectipinna Scott p. 88
1873Orca stenorhyncha Scott p. 88
1873Orca africana Scott p. 89
1873Orca capensis Scott p. 89
1873Orca magellanica Scott p. 89
1873Orca pacifica Scott p. 89
1873Orca tasmanica Scott p. 89
1876Orca antarctica Fischer
1888Orca magellanica Moreno p. 22
1889Orca magellanica Ameghino p. 886
1891Orca gladiator Newton p. 76
1898Orca gladiator Trouessart p. 1048
1899Orcinus orca Palmer p. 23
1904Orcinus orca Trouessart p. 771
1904Orcinus orca capensis Trouessart p. 771
1904Orcinus orca eschrichti Trouessart p. 771
1904Orcinus orca magellanica Trouessart p. 771
1904Orcinus orca pacifica Trouessart p. 771
1904Orcinus rectipinna Trouessart p. 771
1911Orcinus orca Thomas p. 158
1912Orca gladiator Turner p. 109
1922Orcinus orca Oliver p. 577
1952Grampus orca Sherman p. 99
1963Orcinus orca Scheffer and Rice p. 8
1966Orcinus orca Gondar p. 142
1966Orcinus orca Hershkovitz p. 82
1977Orcinus orca Barnes
1981Orcinus morzerbruynsus Heintzelman
1981Orcinus nanus Mikhalev and Ivashin
1982Orcinus glacialis Berzin and Vladimirov
1983Orcinus glacialis Berzin and Vladimirov
1991Orcinus orca Vidal p. 5
1998Orcinus orca Rice p. 119
2005Orcinus orca Mead and Brownell p. 731
2008Orcinus orca Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 981 figs. Fig. 2
2011Orcinus orca Geisler et al. p. 6 figs. Table 1
2013Orcinus orca Perrin et al. p. 571 figs. Table 1
2021Orcinus orca Jefferson p. 13

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
RankNameAuthor
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
—Whippomorpha
orderCetacea
—Pelagiceti
—Neoceti
suborderOdontoceti
infraorderDelphinida
superfamilyDelphinoidea
familyDelphinidae
genusOrcinus
speciesorca()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Orcinus orca Linnaeus 1758 [orca]
show all | hide all
Invalid names: Delphinus duhameli Lacépède 1804 [synonym], Delphinus gladiator Bonnaterre 1789 [synonym], Delphinus grampus Desmarest 1817 [synonym], Delphinus serra Borowski 1781 [synonym], Delphinus victorini Grill 1858 [synonym], Orca (Gladiator) latirostris Gray 1870 [synonym], Orca (Ophysia) pacifica Gray 1870 [synonym], Orca africana Gray 1871 [synonym], Orca antarctica Fischer 1876 [synonym], Orca ater Scammon and Cope 1869 [synonym], Orca capensis Gray 1846 [synonym], Orca eschrichtii Reinhardt 1866 [synonym], Orca gladiator Bonnaterre 1789 [synonym], Orca latirostris Gray 1870 [synonym], Orca magellanica Burmeister 1866 [synonym], Orca minor Malm 1871 [synonym], Orca pacifica Gray 1870 [synonym], Orca rectipinna Scammon and Cope 1869 [synonym], Orca schlegelii Lilljeborg 1866 [synonym], Orca stenorhyncha Gray 1870 [synonym], Orca tasmanica Gray 1871 [synonym], Orcinus glacialis Berzin and Vladimirov 1983 [synonym], Orcinus morzerbruynsus Heintzelman 1981 [synonym], Orcinus nanus Mikhalev and Ivashin 1981 [synonym], Physeter microps Fabricius 1780 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
partNmean

Composition: hydroxyapatitesubo
Form: roller-shapedo
Ontogeny: modification of partso
Environment: marine, freshwatersubo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: aquatico
Depth habitat: surfaceo
Diet: piscivoref
Diet 2: carnivoref
Reproduction: viviparoussubo
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-06-08 12:11:09
Source: f = family, subo = suborder, o = order
References: Nowak 1991, Uhen 2004

Age range: base of the Early/Lower Pliocene to the top of the Holocene or 5.33300 to 0.00000 Ma

Collections (35 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Japan (Hokkaido) Orcinus orca (56358)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774United Kingdom (England) Orca gladiator (58420)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117United Kingdom (Scotland) Orca gladiator (140366)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129United Kingdom (England) Orcinus orca (78014)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Netherlands Orcinus orca (82530)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Chile Orcinus orca (168204)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Alaska) Orcinus orca (175943)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0India Orcinus orca (168198)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Tanzania Orcinus orca (168197)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Italy Orcinus orca (168201)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Japan Orcinus orca (82088 168202)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0United Kingdom (Scotland) Orcinus orca (238976)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Ireland Orcinus orca (168194)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0New Zealand Orcinus orca (168203)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Norway Orcinus orca (221537)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Denmark Orcinus orca (159709 159716 159720 159728 186599)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Mexico (Baja California) Orcinus orca (201786)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0South Africa Orcinus orca (79916 168195)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Svalbard and Jan Mayen Orcinus orca (168199)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Mexico Orcinus orca (168205)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Antarctica Orcinus orca (90111 168200)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Florida) Orcinus orca (168193)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Greenland (Qeqertasussuk) Orcinus orca (187755)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0United Kingdom (England) Orcinus orca (238944 238945 238958)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Oregon) Orcinus orca (224273)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Brazil Orcinus orca (168196)