PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Hexaplex

Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Muricidae

Taxonomy

Hexaplex was named by Perry (1811) [Sepkoski's age data: T Than-l R Sepkoski's reference number: 914]. It is extant. Its type is Murex cichoreum.

It was reranked as Murex (Hexaplex) by Abbott (1974).

It was assigned to Murex by Abbott (1974); to Muricinae by Vokes (1968), Adegoke (1977), Wilson (1994); to Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002); and to Muricidae by Todd (2001), Harzhauser (2002), Landau et al. (2007), Darragh (2017).

Species

H. (Hexaplex), H. (Trunculariopsis) (syn. H. (Truncularia)), H. austriacus, H. brassica, H. cichoreum, H. erythrostomus, H. hertweckorum, H. kuesterianus, H. regius, H. tridentatus

Species lacking formal opinion data

H. ambiguus, H. bendeica, H. biconicus, H. eoa, H. jameshoubricki, H. leoninus, H. mantelli, H. nascium, H. praeduplex, H. rosarium, H. sandhergeri, H. silvatucus, H. subasperrima, H. subasperrimus, H. suboctogonus, H. trippae, H. trunculus

Synonyms

Aaronia was named by Verrill (1950). It is extant.

It was reranked as Murex (Aaronia) by Verrill (1950); it was synonymized subjectively with Hexaplex by Vokes (1968).

It was assigned to Murex by Verrill (1950).
Murithais was named by Grant and Gale (1931).

It was synonymized subjectively with Hexaplex by Vokes (1968).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1811	Hexaplex Perry
1931	Murithais Grant and Gale p. 729
1950	Aaronia Verrill
1950	Murex (Aaronia) Verrill p. 4
1968	Hexaplex Vokes p. 92
1974	Murex (Hexaplex) Abbott p. 173
1977	Hexaplex Adegoke p. 214
1994	Hexaplex Wilson p. 31
2001	Hexaplex Todd
2002	Hexaplex Harzhauser p. 94
2002	Hexaplex Sepkoski
2007	Hexaplex Landau et al. p. 7
2017	Hexaplex Darragh p. 76

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Gastropoda

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Caenogastropoda	(Cox 1959)
—	Sorbeoconcha	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—	Hypsogastropoda	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorder	Latrogastropoda	Riedel 2000
order	Neogastropoda	Thiele 1929
superfamily	Muricoidea	de Costa 1776
family	Muricidae	Rafinesque 1815
genus	Hexaplex	Perry 1811

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Hexaplex Perry 1811

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Subg. Hexaplex (Hexaplex) Perry 1810

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†Hexaplex (Hexaplex) colei Palmer 1937

†Hexaplex (Hexaplex) engonatus Conrad 1833

Invalid names: Fusus sexangulus Conrad 1834 [synonym]

†Hexaplex (Hexaplex) etheringtoni Vokes 1968

Hexaplex (Hexaplex) fulvescens Sowerby 1834

Invalid names: Murex (Poirieria) burryi Clench and Pérez Farfante 1945 [synonym]

†Hexaplex (Hexaplex) katherinae Vokes 1968

†Hexaplex (Hexaplex) marksi Harris 1894

†Hexaplex (Hexaplex) silvaticus Palmer 1937

Hexaplex (Hexaplex) strausi Verrill 1950

†Hexaplex (Hexaplex) supernus Harris and Palmer 1947

†Hexaplex (Hexaplex) texanus Vokes 1968

†Hexaplex (Hexaplex) vanuxemi Conrad 1865

†Hexaplex (Hexaplex) veatchi Maury 1910

Subg. Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) Cossmann 1921

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†Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) bourgeoisi Tournouër 1875

†Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) brevicanthos Sismonda 1847

Invalid names: Murex dumosus De Stefani 1875 [synonym]

†Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) campanii De Stefani and Pantanelli 1878

†Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) rudis Borson 1821

Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) trunculus Linnaeus 1758

Invalid names: Hexaplex (Truncularia) Wiegmann 1832 [synonym]

†Hexaplex austriacus Tournouer 1875

Hexaplex brassica Lamarck 1822

Hexaplex cichoreum Gmelin 1810

Hexaplex erythrostomus Swainson 1831

†Hexaplex hertweckorum Petuch 1988

†Hexaplex kuesterianus Canefri 1875

Hexaplex regius Swainson 1821

†Hexaplex tridentatus Tate 1888

Invalid names: Aaronia Verrill 1950 [synonym], Murithais Grant and Gale 1931 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragonitec

Locomotion:

actively mobilef

Life habit:

epifaunalf

Diet:

carnivoref

Vision:

limitedc

Created:

2009-09-10 08:22:24

Modified:

2009-09-10 15:22:24

Source: f = family, c = class

References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Danian to the top of the Holocene or 66.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 61.66 Ma

Collections (150 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	USA (Texas)	H. nascium (205466)
Ypresian	56.0 - 48.07	USA (Texas)	H. eoa (7789 83950 84325 205520 205521)
Eocene	56.0 - 33.9	Nigeria	H. bendeica (41394)
Lutetian	48.07 - 41.03	USA (Mississippi)	H. silvatucus, H. vanuxemi (92688 92690) H. silvatucus, H. vanuxemi, H. engonatus (92687 92689) Murex vanuxemi (2415)
Lutetian	48.07 - 41.03	USA (Alabama)	Murex colei (1440) Murex engonatus (81224)
Lutetian	48.07 - 41.03	USA (Texas)	H. colei (205440 205454 205496 205527) H. silvaticus (90651) H. texanus (205421) H. texanus, H. colei (92789) H. vanuxemi (90455)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	USA (Louisiana)	H. katherinae (90449 92357) H. marksi (92303 92374) H. marksi, H. katherinae (90305 92577 98676) H. silvaticus (98787 98940) H. supernus (92387) Murex engonatus (205462)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	USA (Alabama)	H. mantelli, Murex vanuxemi (205489) H. sp. (5322) H. vanuxemi, H. engonatus (90600 92698) Murex engonatus (81282) Murex vanuxemi (2416 2422 2423 2441 2453 2454)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	USA (South Carolina)	H. colei (92355)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	USA (Arkansas)	H. marksi (99169)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	USA (Mississippi)	H. engonatus (90708 98493) H. engonatus, Phyllonotus engonatus (205526) H. marksi (90643 92393 98496 99628 99632 99634 99675) H. marksi, H. supernus, H. katherinae (164232) H. marksi, Murex engonatus, H. supernus, H. katherinae (90471) H. vanuxemi (90709 91050 99735 99754 99756) H. vanuxemi, H. engonatus (90707 99734 99736 99755) H. vanuxemi, Murex engonatus (205508) Murex engonatus (2446) Murex vanuxemi (2434 2437 2449)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	USA (Texas)	H. colei (205267) H. silvaticus (91119) H. sp., Murex vanuxemi (205480) H. vanuxemi (205266 205271 205461 205484 205515 205531) Murex vanuxemi (7438) Murex vanuxemi, H. vanuxemi, Chicoreus engonatus (205410)
Bartonian - Priabonian	41.03 - 33.9	USA (Louisiana)	H. marksi (99762) H. supernus (92282)
Priabonian	37.71 - 33.9	USA (Louisiana)	H. marksi (92298 92300) H. supernus (98687 98689)
Priabonian	37.71 - 33.9	Australia (Western Australia)	H. tridentatus (205816)
Priabonian	37.71 - 33.9	USA (Mississippi)	H. supernus (6802)
Chattian - Aquitanian	27.3 - 20.45	USA (Florida)	H. veatchi (111194)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	USA (California)	H. sp. (196138)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	Italy	H. subasperrima (178108 178110)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	USA (Florida)	H. veatchi (89574 89575 91536 92379 92458 92459 92460 92505 92548 92549 92550 92551 92552 92553 92554 92556)
Langhian	15.98 - 13.82	Italy	H. subasperrima (178112 178116)
Badenian	13.82 - 12.8	Poland (Holy Cross Mountains)	H. sandhergeri (38823)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	Australia (South Australia)	Trunculariopsis peramangus (63432 63439 63442)
Tortonian - Messinian	11.63 - 5.333	Italy	H. austriacus (207782)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Italy	H. austriacus (207784)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Ecuador (Esmeraldas)	H. ambiguus, H. brassica (41762) H. hertweckorum (41574)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Colombia (Bolívar)	H. etheringtoni (92788)
Early/Lower Pliocene	5.333 - 3.6	Ecuador	H. ambiguus (41757)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Spain	H. campanii (80557) H. campanii, H. rudis (80564)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Italy (Biella)	H. rudis (127497)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	USA (Florida)	H. fulvescens (92344 92361 92362 92363 92442 92658 92664) H. hertweckorum (79959) H. jameshoubricki (79875)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.58	Spain	H. praeduplex, H. bourgeoisi, H. rudis (80562)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Pleistocene	3.6 - 0.0117	USA (Florida)	H. trippae (79847)
Early/Lower Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.774	USA (Florida)	Muricanthus fulvescens (61309)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene	2.58 - 0.0117	Italy (Livorno)	H. trunculus (173663)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	Angola	H. rosarium (152645)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	USA (Florida)	Muricanthus fulvescens (61310)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Morocco	Murex trunculus (127597)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Mexico (Sonora)	H. erythrostomus (44963) Murex erythrostomus (96562 96563)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Saudi Arabia	H. kuesterianus (201414)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Mexico (Baja California Sur)	Phyllonotus erythrostomus (89597)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Georgia)	Murex fulvescens (66725)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Florida)	H. fulvescens (92497)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Italy	Murex trunculus (196903)