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Sousa plumbea
Taxonomy
Delphinus plumbeus was named by Flower (1884). It is extant. Its type locality is Malabar, which is in a Holocene coastal horizon in India.
It was recombined as Sotalia plumbeus by Flower (1883), Trouessart (1898) and Trouessart (1904); it was recombined as Steno plumbeus by Blanford (1891); it was recombined as Sotalia plumbea by Scheffer and Rice (1963) and Hershkovitz (1966); it was synonymized subjectively with Sousa chinensis by Jefferson and Karczmarski (2001) and Mead and Brownell (2005); it was recombined as Sousa plumbea by Fraser and Purves (1960), Jefferson and Van Waerebeek (2004), Jefferson and Rosenbaum (2014) and Jefferson (2021).
It was recombined as Sotalia plumbeus by Flower (1883), Trouessart (1898) and Trouessart (1904); it was recombined as Steno plumbeus by Blanford (1891); it was recombined as Sotalia plumbea by Scheffer and Rice (1963) and Hershkovitz (1966); it was synonymized subjectively with Sousa chinensis by Jefferson and Karczmarski (2001) and Mead and Brownell (2005); it was recombined as Sousa plumbea by Fraser and Purves (1960), Jefferson and Van Waerebeek (2004), Jefferson and Rosenbaum (2014) and Jefferson (2021).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1829 | Delphinus plumbeus Cuvier p. 288 |
| 1866 | Steno lentiginosus Gray p. 213 |
| 1866 | Delphinus (Steno) lentiginosus Owen p. 20 figs. Pl. 5, Fig. 2, 3 |
| 1868 | Steno lentiginosus Gray p. 5 |
| 1871 | Steno lentiginosus Gray p. 66 |
| 1873 | Steno lentiginosus Scott p. 70 |
| 1883 | Sotalia lentiginosus Flower p. 489 |
| 1883 | Sotalia plumbeus Flower p. 489 |
| 1884 | Delphinus plumbeus Flower p. 489 |
| 1891 | Steno plumbeus Blanford p. 583 |
| 1898 | Sotalia lentiginosus Trouessart p. 1026 |
| 1898 | Sotalia plumbeus Trouessart p. 1026 |
| 1903 | Sotalia fergusoni Lydekker p. 411 |
| 1904 | Sotalia lentiginosus Trouessart p. 763 |
| 1904 | Sotalia plumbeus Trouessart p. 763 |
| 1936 | Stenopontistes zambezicus Miranda-Ribeiro p. 20 figs. Plates 1-2 |
| 1936 | Stenopontisties zambezicus Mirando Ribeiro p. 20 figs. Plates 1-2 |
| 1960 | Sousa plumbea Fraser and Purves p. 60 |
| 1963 | Sotalia plumbea Scheffer and Rice p. 7 |
| 1966 | Sotalia lentiginosa Hershkovitz p. 23 |
| 1966 | Sotalia plumbea Hershkovitz p. 24 |
| 2004 | Sousa plumbea Jefferson and Van Waerebeek p. 16 |
| 2014 | Sousa plumbea Jefferson and Rosenbaum |
| 2021 | Sousa plumbea Jefferson p. 26 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Sousa plumbea Flower 1884
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Invalid names: Delphinus (Steno) lentiginosus Owen 1866 [synonym], Sotalia fergusoni Lydekker 1903 [synonym], Stenopontistes zambezicus Mirando Ribeiro 1936 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| T. A. Jefferson and H. C. Rosenbaum 2014 | This is the largest species of humpback dolphin, reaching reliably reported maximum total lengths of 279 cm (Cockcroft 1989; Fig. 5). Specimens of S. plumbea have a prominent dorsal hump in adult-size age classes, and the hump is even visible (though less pronounced) in young animals (Fig. 10). The hump ranges in length from 23% to 38% of body length (Ross 1984, Best 2007), and is most exaggerated in adult males (Cockcroft 1989). In general, the dorsal fin is small and the tip is more pointed and falcate than it is in S. teuszii (Fig. 10). There are 49–52 total vertebrae, and the typical vertebral formula is C7, Th11–12, Lu9–13, Ca18–23. The rostum is relatively long (up to 377 mm). The length/breadth ratio of the cranium is 2.2–2.8. Tooth counts are relatively high (33–39 vs. as low as 27 for the other species). Colora- tion is a uniform brownish-gray, with a lighter belly and only slight if any spotting. There are no shared mtDNA haplotypes with other species, and two diagnostic mtDNA characters that distinguish Sousa plumbea from other Sousa species. Addition- ally, nuDNA characters diagnose S. teuszii + S. plumbea from all other Sousa (Table 2). |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
| References: Nowak 1991, Uhen 2004 | |||||