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Stramonita
Taxonomy
Stramonita was named by Schumacher (1817) [Sepkoski's age data: T Mi R]. It is extant.
It was reranked as Purpura (Stramonita) by Vredenburg (1925); it was reranked as Thais (Stramonita) by Grant, IV and Gale (1931), Woodring (1959), Ladd (1977), Todd (2001), Harzhauser (2002).
It was assigned to Purpura by Vredenburg (1925); to Thaidinae by Wilson (1994); to Thais by Grant, IV and Gale (1931), Woodring (1959), Ladd (1977), Todd (2001), Harzhauser (2002); to Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002); to Muricidae by Vermeij (2001), Vera-Peláez et al. (2004); and to Rapaninae by Vermeij and Herbert (2004), DeVries (2007).
It was reranked as Purpura (Stramonita) by Vredenburg (1925); it was reranked as Thais (Stramonita) by Grant, IV and Gale (1931), Woodring (1959), Ladd (1977), Todd (2001), Harzhauser (2002).
It was assigned to Purpura by Vredenburg (1925); to Thaidinae by Wilson (1994); to Thais by Grant, IV and Gale (1931), Woodring (1959), Ladd (1977), Todd (2001), Harzhauser (2002); to Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002); to Muricidae by Vermeij (2001), Vera-Peláez et al. (2004); and to Rapaninae by Vermeij and Herbert (2004), DeVries (2007).
Species
Purpura (Stramonita) angulata, S. brasiliensis, S. canaliculata, S. chocolata, S. delessertiana (syn. S. caracolensis), S. floridana (syn. Cymia caloosana), S. haemostoma, S. huaricanganensis, S. penelaevis, S. rustica, S. semiplicata, S. zinsmeisteri, Thais (Stramonita) exilis, Thais (Stramonita) imperialis (syn. Neptunea maxfieldi), Thais (Stramonita) ponderosa
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1817 | Stramonita Schumacher |
| 1925 | Purpura (Stramonita) Vredenburg p. 224 |
| 1931 | Thais (Stramonita) Grant, IV and Gale p. 715 |
| 1959 | Thais (Stramonita) Woodring p. 222 |
| 1977 | Thais (Stramonita) Ladd p. 41 |
| 1994 | Stramonita Wilson p. 47 |
| 2001 | Thais (Stramonita) Todd |
| 2001 | Stramonita Vermeij pp. 697-699 |
| 2002 | Thais (Stramonita) Harzhauser p. 94 |
| 2002 | Stramonita Sepkoski |
| 2004 | Stramonita Vera-Peláez et al. p. 258 |
| 2004 | Stramonita Vermeij and Herbert p. 157 |
| 2007 | Stramonita DeVries p. 248 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Stramonita Schumacher 1817
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†Purpura (Stramonita) angulata Dujardin 1837
Stramonita brasiliensis Claremont et al. 2011
Stramonita canaliculata Gray 1839
Stramonita chocolata Duclos 1832
Stramonita delessertiana d'Orbigny 1841
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Invalid names: Stramonita caracolensis DeVries 2007 [synonym]
Stramonita floridana Conrad 1837
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Invalid names: Cymia caloosana Tucker and Wilson 1933 [synonym]
Stramonita haemostoma Linnaeus 1767
†Stramonita huaricanganensis DeVries 2007
†Stramonita penelaevis Vermeij and Herbert 2004
Stramonita rustica Lamarck 1822
†Stramonita semiplicata Vermeij 2001
†Stramonita zinsmeisteri DeVries 2007
†Thais (Stramonita) exilis Parsch in Hörnes 1856
†Thais (Stramonita) imperialis Dall 1908
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Invalid names: Neptunea maxfieldi Reagan 1909 [synonym]
†Thais (Stramonita) ponderosa Gabb 1866
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, c = class | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Miocene to the top of the Holocene or 23.04000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 15.98 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 15.98 Ma
Collections (83 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Miocene | Austria | Thais sp., Thais exilis (77624) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | USA (California) | Chrysodomus imperialis (206370) | |
| Badenian | Poland (Holy Cross Mountains) | Thais echinulata, Thais exilis (38823) | |
| Badenian | Romania | Thais exilis (123125) | |
| Serravallian | Greece | Thais exilis (72305) | |
| Tortonian | Panama | Thais haemastoma (93177) | |
| Tortonian | Panama (Darien) | S. sp. (136993) | |
| Tortonian | Greece | Thais exilis (72310) | |
| Tortonian | Venezuela | S. sp. (130981) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Fiji | Thais sp. (78059) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Trinidad and Tobago | Thais sp. A (60408 60637) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Pakistan | Purpura angulata (77133) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Argentina (Chubut) | S. homogeneus (42149) | |
| Messinian | Dominican Republic | Thais quadridentata (84983) | |
| Messinian - Zanclean | Dominican Republic | S. haemastoma (75038) S. sp. (74967 75039) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Trinidad and Tobago | Thais haemastoma (60644) Thais haemostoma (60409 60417 60647 60649 60654) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | USA (Oregon) | Chrysodomus imperialis (71148) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Venezuela (Sucre) | Thais chocolata, Thais haemastoma (41543) | |
| Zanclean | Chile (Arauco) | S. zinsmeisteri (142134) | |
| Pliocene | USA (California) | Chrysodomus imperialis (216902) Thais imperialis (96887) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | USA (Florida) | Thais sarasotana (79876) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Peru | S. chocolata (80488 80517 80529) S. huaricanganensis (80487) S. sp. (80409) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Venezuela | S. haemastoma (131210 131237) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Jamaica | Thais sp. (58522) | |
| Piacenzian | Costa Rica | Thais rustica (131919) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (Oregon) | Chrysodomus imperialis (71106) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (Washington) | Chrysodomus imperialis (71109) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | S. haemastoma (79786) S. penelaevis (79337) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Venezuela (Sucre) | Thais haemastoma (41556) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene | Peru | Thais chocolata (96897) | |
| Pleistocene | Namibia (Erongo) | Thais haemastoma (124051 124053 124055 124058) | |
| Pleistocene | Chile (Copiapó) | Thais chocolata (222876 222878) | |
| Pleistocene | Namibia | Thais haemastoma (122929) | |
| Pleistocene | South Africa | Purpura angulata (122937) | |
| Pleistocene | Spain | Thais haemastoma (176767) | |
| Pleistocene | Peru | Thais chocolata (207003 207004 207005) | |
| Calabrian | Peru (Ica) | Thais chocolata (219105) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Bermuda | Thais rustica (67960) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Peru | S. chocolata (80426) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Spain | Purpura haemastoma (128324) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Angola | S. haemastoma (152645) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico (Baja California) | S. biserealis (96591) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Thais canaliculata (37672) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Uruguay | S. haemastoma (195917 195928) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Peru | Thais chocolata (76643) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Spain (Canary Islands) | Thais haemastoma (92710) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Spain | Purpura haemastoma (127358 127359 127360) S. haemastoma (76576) Thais haemastoma (176761) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | S. haemastoma (96538) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Portugal | S. haemastoma (122289 122290) Thais haemastoma (122244) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Peru (Moquegua) | Thais haemastoma, Thais chocolata (43708) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Portugal (Azores) | S. haemastoma (89618 128466) | |
| Holocene | Peru | Thais chocolata (97645) Thais haemastoma (97647) | |
| Holocene | Spain | Purpura haemastoma (128328) |