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Smittinidae

Gymnolaemata - Cheilostomata - Smittinidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1909Smittinidae Levinsen
1935Smittinidae Canu and Bassler
1952Smittinidae Brown
1956Smittinidae Brown
1958Smittinidae Brown
1962Smittinidae Cheetham p. 331
1994Smittinidae Gordon et al.
1997Smittinidae Lee et al.
2003Smittinidae Schmidt
2006Smittinidae Berning p. 76
2006Smittinidae Bock
2015Smittinidae Di Martino and Taylor

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
—Lophophorata
phylumBryozoaEhrenberg 1831
RankNameAuthor
classGymnolaemataAllman 1856
orderCheilostomataBusk 1859
suborderNeocheilostominad'Hondt 1985
infraorderAscophorina(Levinsen 1909)
—Lepraliomorpha(Gordon 1989)
superfamilySmittinoideaLevinsen 1909
familySmittinidaeLevinsen 1909
familySmittinidaeLevinsen 1909

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Smittinidae Levinsen 1909
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G. Hemismittoidea Soule and Soule 1973
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†Hemismittoidea waiorensis Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
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†Parasmittina auris Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
†Parasmittina gujaratica Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
†Parasmittina harudiensis Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
†Parasmittina johni Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
G. †Plagiosmittia Canu and Bassler 1917
+
†Plagiosmittia porelloides Canu and Bassler 1920
G. Pleurocodonellina Soule and Soule 1973
G. Smittina Norman 1903
+
Subg. Smittina (Reussia) Neviani 1895
Subg. Smittina (Smittina) Bassler 1953
Smittina acaroensis Levinsen 1909
†Smittina bathydonta Brown 1952
†Smittina canavarii Neviani 1900
†Smittina crepidula Brown 1952
Smittina cribraria MacGillivray 1886
†Smittina denticulifera Canu and Bassler 1920
†Smittina eagari Brown 1958
Smittina flexuosa Hutton 1873
†Smittina inarmata Brown 1958
Smittina landsborovii Johnston 1847
†Smittina messiniensis El Hajjaji 1992
†Smittina ordinata MacGillivray 1895
†Smittina parviovicellosa Canu and Bassler 1935
†Smittina perforata Canu and Bassler 1935
Smittina purpurea Hincks 1881
Smittina rogickae Brown 1958
†Smittina trispinosa Johnston 1838
+
Smittina unispinosa Waters 1889
†Smittina uttleyi Brown 1958
Invalid names: Smittia Hincks 1879 [replaced]
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†Smittoidea crepidula Brown 1952
Smittoidea pacifica Soule and Soule 1973
Smittoidea reticulata MacGillivray 1842
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitef
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: stationaryo
Attached: yeso
Life habit: epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Reproduction: oviparouso
Brooding: yeso
Comments: 5.4% calcite with 6% MgCO3 based on 11 specimensf
Created: 2008-02-26 06:28:28
Modified: 2008-02-26 08:28:28
Source: f = family, o = order, c = class, uc = unranked clade
References: Nesnidal et al. 2013, Smith et al. 2006

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Lutetian to the top of the Holocene or 48.07000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 41.03 Ma

Collections (114 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03India (Gujarat) Parasmittina auris, Parasmittina harudiensis, Parasmittina johni (177176)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71India Parasmittina auris, Parasmittina harudiensis, Parasmittina johni (178699)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71USA (Florida) Plagiosmittia incrustans, Smittina jacksonica (7328) Plagiosmittia regularis (7329) Plagiosmittia regularis, Smittina portentosa, Smittina jacksonica (7324) Plagiosmittia regularis, Smittina portentosa, Smittina jacksonica, Smittina strombecki (7322) Plagiosmittia regularis, Smittina strombecki (7330) Smittina jacksonica (7321) Smittina telum, Smittina jacksonica (7332)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71USA (Alabama) Plagiosmittia regularis, Smittina portentosa, Smittina jacksonica, Smittina exigua, Smittina coronata (7331) Smittina angulata, Smittina jacksonica (7316) Smittina jacksonica (7317)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9USA (Georgia) Smittina denticulifera, Plagiosmittia porelloides (90479 90480) Smittina portentosa (160397)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9USA (Florida) Plagiosmittia regularis (7318)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9New Zealand (North Otago) Parasmittina sp. (172815) Smittoidea sp. 1, Smittoidea sp. 2 (172816)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9USA (Mississippi) Smittina angulata, Porella denticulifera (84174)
Runangan36.7 - 34.6New Zealand Smittina crepidula, Smittina bathydonta (173838)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3USA (Alabama) Smittina ampla (90549 90561 90563) Smittina ampla, Smittina cophia, Smittina granulosa (90562) Smittina granulosa (90551) Smittina reticuloides, Smittina telum, Smittina pupa, Smittina tubulata (90528) Smittina tubulata (90548)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3USA (Mississippi) Smittina angulata (90547)
Oligocene - Miocene33.9 - 5.333Australia (Victoria) Smittina cribraria (173508) Smittina eagari (173527) Smittina ordinata (173509) Smittina sp. (173510) Smittina uttleyi, Smittina inarmata (173512)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04Australia (Victoria) Smittina parviocellosa (174151)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04Germany Smittina diplostoma, Smittina sp. (46102)
Miocene - Oligocene23.04 - 23.04Australia (Victoria) Plagiosmittia australis, Smittina eagari, Smittina uttleyi, Smittina rogickae (173504) Smittina inarmata, Smittina ordinata (173511 173528) Smittina ordinata (173502 173506 173518 173525)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45India (Gujarat) Hemismittoidea waiorensis, Parasmittina gujaratica (177173)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98India Hemismittoidea waiorensis, Parasmittina gujaratica (178702) Parasmittina gujaratica (178703)
Otaian21.7 - 18.7New Zealand (West Coast) Smittoidea crepidula (172797)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Germany Smittina cervicornis (188985)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Indonesia Smittina sp., Pleurocodonellina sp., Smittoidea pacifica (173651)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Egypt Porella cervicornis (47007)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98France Smittina sp. (65395)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98India (Gujarat) Parasmittina gujaratica (177172)
Altonian18.7 - 15.9New Zealand Smittina purpurea (173830)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Australia (Victoria) Smittina perforata (174139)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Australia (Victoria) Smittina elongata, Smittina seriata (166365)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Romania Smittina cervicornis (178089 178090)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Czechia Prenantia cheilostoma, Smittina cervicornis (178890) Smittina cervicornis (178887 178888 178892 178895 178896 178897 178898 178899 178901)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Hungary Smittina cervicornis (34739)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Indonesia Parasmittina sp. (173650)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Spain Smittina cervicornis (177479) Smittina cervicornis, Smittoidea reticulata (177482) Smittina marionensis (177485 177486) Smittoidea reticulata (177480) Smittoidea sp., Smittina messiniensis (178465)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Panama (Colon) Parasmittina parsevaliformis, Parasmittina spathulata, Parasmittina n. sp. 1 (79785)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Morocco Porella cervicornis (70928) Smittina sp. (34723) Smittoidea reticulata, Porella cervicornis (34724)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Portugal Smittoidea sp. (152330)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Panama (Bocas del Toro) Parasmittina areolata (79982)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58New Zealand Smittina trispinosa (173738 173740) Smittina trispinosa, Smittina flexuosa (173739)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58USA (California) Smittina sp. (237381)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Spain Smittina canavarii, Smittina cervicornis, Smittoidea reticulata (177491) Smittina canavarii, Smittina marionensis, Smittoidea reticulata (177489) Smittina cervicornis (177490)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Australia (South Australia) Smittina trispinosa (172911)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Antarctica Smittina gibbera (41576) Smittina sp. (41578)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Jamaica Smittina ophidiana (58522)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Panama (Bocas) Parasmittina areolata, Parasmittina parsevaliformis (79983) Parasmittina sp. (79989) Smittoidea maleposita (79772)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Panama (Bocas del Toro) Parasmittina areolata (91901) Parasmittina crosslandi (61339)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Greece Smittina canavarii, Smittoidea reticulata, Porella cervicornis (71243)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Costa Rica (Limon) Parasmittina parsevaliformis, Parasmittina n. sp. 1 (79842) Parasmittina parsevaliformis, Parasmittina n. sp. 7 (79835) Parasmittina spathulata, Parasmittina n. sp. 3 (79845) Smittoidea pacifica (79844)
Castlecliffian1.63 - 0.34New Zealand Smittina acaroensis (173733) Smittina flexuosa, Smittina unispinosa (173734)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Greenland Smittina majuscula (75197) Smittoidea sp. (75200)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (California) Smittina discoidea (202634)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (New York) Parasmittina trispinosa (81751)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) Parasmittina trispinosa (60927 60928)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Florida) Parasmittina sp., Smittina smittiella (97606) Parasmittina spathulata (97607 97608) Parasmittina spathulata, Parasmittina sp., Smittina signata, Smittina smittiella (97610)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Barbados Parasmittina ophidiana (148714)