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Encrinasteridae
Taxonomy
Encrinasteridae was named by Schuchert (1914). Its type is Encrinaster. It was considered monophyletic by Dean Shackleton (2005).
It was assigned to Lysophiurae by Schuchert (1915); to Lysophiuricae by Owen (1965); to Lysophiurina by Spencer and Wright (1966), Harper and Morris (1978), Jell (1997) and Jell and Theron (1999); and to Ophiuroidea by Dean Shackleton (2005).
It was assigned to Lysophiurae by Schuchert (1915); to Lysophiuricae by Owen (1965); to Lysophiurina by Spencer and Wright (1966), Harper and Morris (1978), Jell (1997) and Jell and Theron (1999); and to Ophiuroidea by Dean Shackleton (2005).
Subtaxa
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1899 | Aspidosomatidae Gregory p. 351 |
| 1914 | Encrinasteridae Schuchert |
| 1915 | Encrinasteridae Schuchert p. 241 |
| 1965 | Encrinasteridae Owen p. 552 |
| 1966 | Encrinasteridae Spencer and Wright p. U83 |
| 1978 | Encrinasteridae Harper and Morris p. 155 |
| 1997 | Encrinasteridae Jell p. 309 |
| 1999 | Encrinasteridae Jell and Theron p. 163 |
| 2005 | Encrinasteridae Dean Shackleton p. 81 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Encrinasteridae Schuchert 1914
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G. †Encrinaster Haekel 1866
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†Encrinaster arnoldi Goldfuss 1848
†Encrinaster eifelensis Schöndorf 1910
†Encrinaster grayae Spencer 1914
†Encrinaster hamlingi Spencer 1930
†Encrinaster laevidiscus Lehmann 1957
†Encrinaster petaloides Simonovitsch 1871
†Encrinaster petaloides goslariensis Halfar 1893
†Encrinaster pontis Clarke 1913
†Encrinaster roemeri Schöndorf 1910
†Encrinaster tischbeinianus Roemer 1864
Invalid names: Aspidosoma Goldfuss 1848 [synonym]
Subfm. †Encrinasterinae Harper and Morris 1978
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G. †Crepidosoma Spencer 1930
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†Crepidosoma doylei Blake et al. 2017
†Crepidosoma wenlocki Spencer 1930
G. †Marginura Haude 1999
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†Marginura hilleri Jell and Theron 1999
Invalid names: Marginaster Haude 1995 [replaced]
G. †Euzonosoma Spencer 1930
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†Euzonosoma goldfussi Schöndorf 1910
†Euzonosoma montanum Raymond 1912
†Euzonosoma orbitoides Spencer 1930
†Euzonosoma pusillum Ruedemann 1916
†Euzonosoma schmidti Schöndorf 1910
G. †Urozoma Spencer 1930
Invalid names: Aspidosomatidae Gregory 1899 [objective synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| J. Dean Shackleton 2005 | Narrow transverse groove crossing distal region of ambulacral perradial ridge; groove spines short and square; loss of vertical spines; broad longitudinal groove crossing lateral region of arms; first and second buccal pores closely spaced, with proximal pore slightly more aboral in position; adambulacrals attach to interradial lateral surface of mouth angle plates; most proximal radial adambulacral partially obscuring podial basin; loss of radial oral spines. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Aberhan 1992 | |||||
Age range: base of the Rawtheyan to the top of the Missourian or 448.80000 to 303.70000 Ma
Collections (28 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rawtheyan | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Encrinaster grayae, Euzonosoma orbitoides (73134) | |
| Telychian | United Kingdom | Crepidosoma wenlocki (224104) Loriolaster sp., Crepidosoma wenlocki (99373) | |
| Telychian | Ireland | Crepidosoma doylei (191007) | |
| Gorstian | Australia (Victoria) | Mausoleaster sugarloafensis (25711) | |
| Ludlow | Australia (Victoria) | Mausoleaster sugarloafensis (25678) | |
| Leintwardine | United Kingdom | Loriolaster sp. (95143) | |
| Early/Lower Devonian | Argentina (Jachal) | Marginaster yachalensis (39230) | |
| Devonian | Brazil (Lambedor) | Aspidosoma pontis (75176) | |
| Pragian | Australia (Victoria) | Crepidosoma sp. (647) | |
| Early/Lower Emsian | Germany | Encrinaster primigenius, Euzonosoma tischbeiniana, Loriolaster mirabilis, Cheiropteraster giganteus, Encrinaster roemeri, Loriolaster gracilis (26904) | |
| Emsian | South Africa | Encrinaster sp. (a) (35578) | |
| Emsian | Brazil (Parana) | Encrinaster sp. (37081 37082 37084) | |
| Emsian | Uruguay | Encrinaster sp. (37078) | |
| Emsian - Eifelian | Brazil (Parana) | Encrinaster sp. (37104 37106) | |
| Emsian - Eifelian | South Africa | Marginura hilleri (39146) | |
| Emsian - Eifelian | Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul) | Encrinaster sp. (37117) | |
| Eifelian | South Africa | Encrinaster tischbeinianus (39147 39148 39149) | |
| Eifelian - Givetian | Brazil (Parana) | Encrinaster sp. (37144 37145 37146) | |
| Givetian | USA (New York) | Encrinaster sp. (113107) | |
| Missourian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Armathyraster paradoxis (83720) |