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Liroceras
Taxonomy
Liroceras was named by Teichert (1940) [Sepkoski's age data: C Vise-u P l Sepkoski's reference number: 524]. Its type is Coloceras liratum. It is the type genus of Liroceratidae, Liroceratacea.
It was assigned to Nautilida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Liroceratidae by Miller and Youngquist (1949), Teichert et al. (1964), Barskov and Shilovsky (2014), Miao et al. (2019), Korn (2025).
It was assigned to Nautilida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Liroceratidae by Miller and Youngquist (1949), Teichert et al. (1964), Barskov and Shilovsky (2014), Miao et al. (2019), Korn (2025).
Species
L. bakhense, L. chenxianense, L. choopani, L. derbiense, L. devjatovense, L. didmyoaurise, L. excentricum, L. fornicatum, L. gardenense, L. globatum, L. globosum, L. globulare, L. greenei, L. grundense, L. henryvillense, L. hsuyuchiani, L. hunanense, L. hyatti, L. involutum, L. karaouii, L. korulkense, L. leitrimense, L. leptum, L. lichuanense, L. liratum, L. lunense, L. meishanense, L. milleri, L. missouriense, L. molengraaffi, L. occlusor, L. orientale, L. patulum, L. praelunense, L. reniforme, L. reticulatum, L. ruzhencevi, L. salomonense, L. sarvaense, L. schaelkense, L. shakhtauense, L. sinense, L. vermis, L. volgense, L. waterloti
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1931 | Nautilus (Coloceras) Reed |
| 1940 | Liroceras Teichert |
| 1949 | Liroceras Miller and Youngquist |
| 1964 | Liroceras Teichert et al. p. 444 |
| 2002 | Coloceras Sepkoski |
| 2002 | Liroceras Sepkoski |
| 2014 | Liroceras Barskov and Shilovsky p. 1381 |
| 2019 | Liroceras Miao et al. p. 343 |
| 2025 | Liroceras Korn p. 65 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Liroceras Teichert 1940
show all | hide all
†Liroceras bakhense Reed 1944
†Liroceras chenxianense Liang 1984
†Liroceras choopani Korn and Ghaderi 2025
†Liroceras derbiense Foord 1891
†Liroceras devjatovense Shimanskiy 1967
†Liroceras didmyoaurise Xu 1977
†Liroceras excentricum Eichwald 1857
†Liroceras fornicatum Shimanskiy 1967
†Liroceras gardenense Prinoth and Posenato 2007
†Liroceras globatum Hyatt 1894
†Liroceras globosum Hind 1910
†Liroceras globulare Hyatt 1893
†Liroceras greenei Miller et al. 1933
†Liroceras grundense Trenkner 1868
†Liroceras henryvillense Miller and Gurley 1897
†Liroceras hsuyuchiani Zhao 1954
†Liroceras hunanense Zhao 1954
†Liroceras hyatti Miller et al. 1933
†Liroceras involutum Zhao 1954
†Liroceras karaouii Korn and Klug 2023
†Liroceras korulkense Yakovlev 1899
†Liroceras leitrimense Ramsbottom and Moore 1961
†Liroceras leptum Korn and Hairapetian 2025
†Liroceras lichuanense Wu and Kuang 1992
†Liroceras liratum Girty 1912
†Liroceras lunense Turner 1954
†Liroceras meishanense Zhao et al. 1978
†Liroceras milleri Newell 1936
†Liroceras missouriense Swallow 1858
†Liroceras molengraaffi Haniel 1915
†Liroceras occlusor Schmidt 1951
†Liroceras orientale Zhao 1954
†Liroceras patulum Unklesbay 1962
†Liroceras praelunense Shimanskiy 1967
†Liroceras reniforme Ruan and Zhou 1987
†Liroceras reticulatum Miller and Owen 1937
†Liroceras ruzhencevi Shimanskiy 1967
†Liroceras salomonense Gemmellaro 1889
†Liroceras sarvaense Kruglov 1928
†Liroceras schaelkense Schmidt 1951
†Liroceras shakhtauense Leonova and Shchedukhin 2020
†Liroceras sinense Chao 1940
†Liroceras vermis Korn and Klug 2023
†Liroceras volgense Barskov and Shilovsky 2014
†Liroceras waterloti Vaillant-Couturier Treat 1933
Invalid names: Coloceras [replaced]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
| part | N | mean | minimum | maximum | median | s.d. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| shell height | 42 | 21.7 | 7.40 | 134.0 | 19.5 | 25.3 | |
| shell diameter | 42 | 40.5 | 14.0 | 294.0 | 40.5 | 45.7 | |
| shell inflation | 42 | 1.76 | 0.001 | 21.0 | 7.00 | 5.82 |
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| Source: o = order, c = class | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Kiessling 2003 | |||||
Age range: base of the Chadian to the top of the Changhsingian or 346.70000 to 251.90200 Ma
Collections (103 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chadian - Arundian | Russian Federation | L. praelunense (166467 166517) | |
| Asbian | Morocco | L. karaouii (231792) | |
| Asbian | United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) | L. sp. (224469) | |
| Brigantian | Morocco | L. vermis (157749) | |
| Brigantian | Ireland | L. leitrimense, L. grundense (224288) L. occlusor (224293 224294 224458 224460 224462) L. occlusor, L. schaelkense (224459) L. schaelkense (224457 224466) | |
| Brigantian | Russian Federation | L. fornicatum (166358 166481) | |
| Pendleian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | L. ruzhencevi (166475) | |
| Pendleian | USA (Arkansas) | L. sp. (175860) | |
| Pendleian | Kazakhstan | L. ruzhencevi (8421 166476) | |
| Serpukhovian | Russian Federation | L. excentricum (166482 166518) | |
| Arnsbergian | United Kingdom (England) | L. lunense (8442) | |
| Arnsbergian | USA (California) | L. sp. (217143) | |
| Morrowan | USA (Arkansas) | Coloceras spp. (275965) Knightoceras patulum (43376 43377) L. sp. (43362) | |
| Morrowan | USA (Ohio) | Coloceras sp. (71998) | |
| Morrowan | USA (Arizona) | L. sp. (42672) | |
| Bashkirian | Ukraine | L. sp. (228670) | |
| Bashkirian | USA (Oklahoma) | Knightoceras patulum (157970 157971) L. liratum (275966) | |
| Westphalian | USA (Kentucky) | L. sp. (52864) | |
| Desmoinesian | USA (Missouri) | L. liratum (70135) | |
| Desmoinesian | USA (Oklahoma) | L. liratum (91530) | |
| Desmoinesian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Endobolus missouriensis (184098) Endolobus missouriensis (184081) | |
| Desmoinesian | USA (Texas) | L. sp. (216619) | |
| Podolskian | Russian Federation | L. devjatovense (166514) | |
| Kasimovian | USA (Oklahoma) | Coloceras reticulatum (170338) Hemiliroceras reticulatum (177750) | |
| Missourian | USA (Oklahoma) | Coloceras liratum (275964) | |
| Missourian | USA (Texas) | L. reticulatum (159901 159902) L. sp. (49988) | |
| Virgilian | USA (Illinois) | L. liratum (50219) | |
| Virgilian | USA (Texas) | L. liratum (217895 217903 220414 225019) L. sp. (217897 217906 217908 217952 217965 217992) L. sp., L. liratum (217893 217905) | |
| Asselian | USA (Wyoming) | Coloceras sp. (113082) | |
| Asselian | Russian Federation (Bashkortostan) | L. shakhtauense (204136) | |
| Sakmarian | Russian Federation | L. korulkense (116786) | |
| Sakmarian | USA (New Mexico) | L. sp. (39154) | |
| Sakmarian | Canada (Yukon) | L. sp. (115744 115745) | |
| Artinskian | Kazakhstan | L. sp. (116788) | |
| Artinskian | USA (Texas) | L. globulare (90007 108766 113418) Nautilus sp. (119870) | |
| Kungurian | China | Coloceras sinensis (124006) L. sp., Peripetoceras hsuyuchiani, L. sinense, L. orientale, Ephippioceras involutum, Ephippioceras hunanense (66112) | |
| Kungurian | China (Hunan) | L. didmyoaurise (124021) | |
| Roadian | Russian Federation | L. volgense (111240) | |
| Roadian | Oman | L. sp. (102388) | |
| Wordian | Italy | Endolobus salomonensis (108566 108673) | |
| Wordian | Mexico (Coahuila) | L. sp. (62902) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Madagascar (Diana) | Nautilus waterloti (119511) Nautilus waterloti, Nautilus molengraafi (81973) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Tajikistan | L. sp. (95475) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Pakistan | L. bakhense (126993) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Iran | L. choopani (275364 275365 275366 275369) L. leptum (275379) L. sp. (119043) | |
| Lopingian | USA (Wyoming) | Coloceras sp. (87153 236337) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Zhejiang) | L. meishanense (121648 121649) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Guizhou) | L. sp. (121690) | |
| Changhsingian | Italy | L. gardenense (95453 95454 95458) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Hunan) | L. chenxianense (105918) | |
| Changhsingian | Iran | L. sp. (119051 119081) | |
| Changhsingian | Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige) | L. sp. (81526 81527) | |
| Changhsingian (interglacial) | China (Guizhou) | L. orientale, L. lichuanense (218367) |