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Agraulidae
Taxonomy
Agraulidae was named by Raymond (1913).
It was assigned to Ptychopariida by Whittington et al. (1997); to Solenopleuracea by Geyer and Landing (2001); and to Ellipsocephaloidea by Pour and Popov (2009), Adrain (2011).
It was assigned to Ptychopariida by Whittington et al. (1997); to Solenopleuracea by Geyer and Landing (2001); and to Ellipsocephaloidea by Pour and Popov (2009), Adrain (2011).
Subtaxa
Agaso, Agraulos (syn. Agrauloides, Arion), Batenioides, Chittidilla (syn. Diandongaspidella, Diandongaspis, Chittidilla (Diandongaspis)), Chondroparia, Litavkaspis, Metagraulos, Parachittidilla (syn. Amurticephalus), Paragraulos, Paraplesiograulos, Plesiagraulos, Poriagraulos, Proampyx, Protochittidilla, Pseudoeteraspis, Pseudoplesiagraulos, Qiannanagraulos, Skreiaspis, Tangshihlingia, Tholus
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1913 | Agraulidae Raymond |
| 1997 | Agraulidae Whittington et al. p. 302 |
| 2001 | Agraulidae Geyer and Landing |
| 2009 | Agraulidae Pour and Popov |
| 2011 | Agraulidae Adrain p. 104 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Agraulidae Raymond 1913
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G. †Agaso Cobbold 1934
G. †Agraulos Hawle and Corda 1847
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†Agraulos globosus Walcott 1884
†Agraulos quadrangularis Whitfield 1884
†Agraulos selcupicus Rozova 1964
†Agraulos strenuus Billings 1874
†Agraulos transversus Yang et al. 1993
†Agraulos woosteri Whitfield 1878
Invalid names: Agrauloides Howell 1937 [synonym], Arion Barrande 1846 [replaced]
G. †Batenioides Repina 1960
G. †Chittidilla King 1941
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†Chittidilla nanjiangensis Zhang et al. 1980
†Chittidilla oblonga Zhang et al. 1980
†Chittidilla similis Zhang et al. 1980
†Chittidilla yunnanensis Zhang et al. 1980
Invalid names: Diandongaspidella Yuan et al. 1997 [synonym]
G. †Chondroparia Lorenz 1906
G. †Metagraulos Kobayashi 1935
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†Metagraulos dolon Walcott 1905
†Metagraulos sampoensis Kobayashi 1961
†Metagraulos truncatus Zhang and Yuan 1981
G. †Parachittidilla Zhang et al. 1980
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†Parachittidilla obscura Zhang et al. 1980
†Parachittidilla xiaolinghouensis Zhang et al. 1980
Invalid names: Amurticephalus Shah et al. 1991 [synonym]
G. †Plesiagraulos Chang 1963
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†Plesiagraulos tienshihfuensis Endo 1944
†Plesiagraulos transversus Yuan and Li 1999
G. †Poriagraulos Chang 1963
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†Poriagraulos abrota Walcott 1905
†Poriagraulos dactylogrammacus Zhang and Yuan 1981
G. †Proampyx Frech 1897
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†Proampyx aculeatus Angelin 1851
†Proampyx acuminatus Angelin 1851
†Proampyx difformis Angelin 1851
G. †Protochittidilla Qiu 1980
G. †Pseudoeteraspis Chernysheva 1950
G. †Pseudoplesiagraulos Lu et al. 1988
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†Pseudoplesiagraulos maozhuangensis Lu et al. 1988
†Pseudoplesiagraulos planus Lu et al. 1988
G. †Qiannanagraulos Yuan et al. 1997
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†Qiannanagraulos costatus Yuan et al. 1997
†Qiannanagraulos orientalis Yuan et al. 1997
G. †Tholus Pegel 1986
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| Geyer and Landing 2001 | The Agraulidae are difficult to characterize as a natural group, and the family requires a careful revision. General characters in this group include a subtrapezoidal outline and a low to moderate convexity of the glabella. The glabella has three pairs of short and relatively faint lateral glabellar furrows with S1 directed obliquely rearward and S2 and S3 roughly normal to the axis. Internal glabellar molds show a tendency to development of a crestline with nearly flat, lateral abaxial slopes. The rest of the cranidium and cephalon show a moderate convexity, with the cephalic regions defined by shallow and rather wide, often poorly defined furrows. Consequently, the glabella, although not very convex, is somewhat elevated above this low domal platform, and is laterally defined by shallow and moderately wide axial furrows. The palpebral lobes are quite small and located opposite the anterior half of the glabella; this morphology creates gently curved and distinctly extended wing-like posterior sectors of the fixigenae. The fixigenae are characteristically slightly inclined to the basal plane of the cephalon so that the posterior ends of the palpebral lobes are located slightly above the anterior tips. In addition, the facial suture curves abaxially before it reaches the posterior tips of the palpebral lobes so that a tiny subtriangular fixigenal area is abaxial to the posteriormost section of the palpebral lobes. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, o = order, c = class | |||||
| References: Whittington et al. 1997, Aberhan et al. 2004, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range: base of the Branchian to the top of the Trempealeauan or 516.20000 to 486.85000 Ma
Collections (81 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cambrian | Canada (British Columbia) | Agraulos sp. (186) | |
| Atdabanian | Sweden | Proampyx rotundatus (87211) Proampyx rotundatus, Proampyx sp. (87212) | |
| Branchian | Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) | Agraulos strenuus (99495) | |
| Lenian | Sweden | Proampyx sp. (87186) | |
| Lenian | Russian Federation (Kemorovo) | Batenioides lermontovae (57024 57028) | |
| Duyunian | China (Anhui) | Paragraulos calvatus, Paragraulos proximus, Qiannanagraulos tonicus, Paragraulos convexus (125434) | |
| Duyunian | China (Guizhou) | Chittidilla brevis (235427) Chittidilla guizhouensis (125146) Chittidilla guizhouensis, Chittidilla diandongensis (125077) Chittidilla sp., Chittidilla similis, Chittidilla yunnanensis (107132) Qiannanagraulos costatus (125149 235431) Qiannanagraulos orientalis (125147) | |
| Duyunian | China (Shaanxi) | Chittidilla oblonga, Chittidilla nanjiangensis (127095) | |
| Duyunian | China (Shandong) | Pseudoplesiagraulos maozhuangensis, Pseudoplesiagraulos planus (127526) | |
| Toyonian | Russian Federation (Khakasiya) | Pseudoeteraspis sp., Batenioides lermontovae (81331) | |
| Toyonian | Russian Federation (Krasnoyarskiy Kray) | Batenioides lermontovae (81441) | |
| Amgan | Czechia (Bohemia) | Skreiaspis spinosus, Litavkaspis rejkovicense (67708 67738) | |
| Amgan | Kyrgyzstan | Pseudoeteraspis sp. A (156378) | |
| Solvan - Menevian | Czechia | Skreiaspis spinosus (73561) Skreiaspis spinosus, Agraulos ceticephalus (73529 73557) | |
| Taijangian | China (Shandong) | Plesiagraulos tienshihfuensis (127528) Poriagraulos nanum (124908) | |
| Taijangian | China (Shanxi) | Metagraulos sp. (125221) Parachittidilla obscura (125218) Parachittidilla sp. (125216) Parachittidilla sp., Parachittidilla xiaolinghouensis (125217) Poriagraulos abrota (125275) | |
| Taijangian | China (Henan) | Metagraulos dolon (129144) Parachittidilla xiaolinghouensis (129140) Poriagraulos nanum (129012 129131) | |
| Taijangian | China (Liaoning) | Plesiagraulos tienshihfuensis (128389) | |
| Taijangian | South Korea | Metagraulos sampoensis (232929 232930) | |
| Taijangian | China (Nei Mongol) | Metagraulos truncatus (125424) | |
| Taijangian | China (Shaanxi) | Poriagraulos dactylogrammacus (125426) | |
| Taijangian | China (Anhui) | Plesiagraulos intermedius, Plesiagraulos tienshihfuensis, Plesiagraulos transversus (125513) Plesiagraulos tienshihfuensis, Plesiagraulos transversus (125436) Protochittidilla poriformis (125520) | |
| Wuliuan - Drumian | Canada (Newfoundland) | Agraulos ceticephalus (240663) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Czechia (Jince) | Skreiaspis spinosa (76481 76484) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Kyrgyzstan | Skreiaspis spinosus (116223) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Czechia (Litavka) | Litavkaspis rejkovicensis (76453) Skreiaspis spinosa (76454) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Spain | Agraulos arenosus, Skreiaspis sp. (55265) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Czechia | Agraulos ceticephalus (199038) | |
| Middle Cambrian | India | Poriagraulos sp. (116459) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Italy (Iglesiente) | Agraulos sp. (139880) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Czechia (Bohemia) | Skrejaspis spinosus, Agraulos ceticephalus (67775) | |
| St Davids | USA (Massachusetts) | Agraulos quadrangularis (49340) | |
| St Davids | United Kingdom (England) | Liostracus rushtonensis, Liostracus dubius, Liostracus pringlei, Liostracus bruno (55509) | |
| Taijangian - Wangcunian | China (Henan) | Agraulos transversus (127073) | |
| Drumian | Czechia (Central Boemian) | Agraulos ceticephalus, Skreiaspis spinosa (76456) | |
| Drumian | Sweden (Jämtland) | Proampyx difformis, Proampyx aculeatus (240067) | |
| Drumian | Norway | Agraulos acuminatus (155476) | |
| Mayan | Russian Federation (Krasnoyar) | Agraulos acuminatus (131427) Agraulos difformis (131428) Agraulos selcupicus (131430 131433) Agraulos sp. (131431 131432) | |
| Menevian | Sweden (Scania) | Agraulos longicephalus (179691) | |
| Marjumian | USA (South Carolina) | Agraulos sp., Skreiaspis sp. (75062) | |
| Marjumian | USA (Alaska) | Proampyx difformis, Proampyx acuminatus (10508) | |
| Wangcunian | China (Shanxi) | Agraulos vicina (232857) | |
| Undillan | Germany | Skreiaspis sp. (155786) | |
| Boomerangian | Australia (Queensland) | Proampyx agra (225231) | |
| Boomerangian | Australia (Queenslandd) | Proampyx agra (225252) | |
| Guzhangian | Sweden (Jämtland) | Proampyx acuminatus (239967) Proampyx difformis, Proampyx acuminatus, Proampyx aculeatus (240068) | |
| Guzhangian | USA (Wisconsin) | Cedaria woosteri (157538) | |
| Guzhangian | China (Liaoning) | Tangshihlingia subtriangulata (126903) | |
| Guzhangian | Spain | Proampyx difformis (182506) | |
| Trempealeauan | USA (New York) | Agraulos saratogensis (74540 74541) |