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Diplostraca

Branchiopoda - Diplostraca

Taxonomy
Diplostraca was named by Gerstecker (1866). It is extant.

It was reranked as the infraclass Diplostraca by Schwentner et al. (2018).

It was assigned to Phyllopoda by Martin and Davis (2001), Stigall and Hartman (2008), Schwentner et al. (2018); and to Calmanostraca by Geyer et al. (2024).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1866Diplostraca Gerstecker
1867Conchostraca Sars p. 5
1970Conchostraca Ellenberger p. 349
2001Diplostraca Martin and Davis p. 58
2005Conchostraca Martens et al.
2008Diplostraca Stigall and Hartman p. 1056
2018Diplostraca Schwentner et al.
2024Diplostraca Geyer et al. p. 19

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—EcdysozoaAguinaldo et al. 1997
—Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaLatreille 1829
—Deuteropoda
—Mandibulata
RankNameAuthor
—PancrustaceaZrzavý and Štys 1997
—AltocrustaceaRegier et al. 2010
superclassAllotriocarida
—Athalassocarida
classBranchiopodaLatreille 1817
subclassPhyllopoda
superorderCalmanostracaTasch 1969
orderDiplostracaGerstecker 1866
orderDiplostracaGerstecker 1866

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Diplostraca Gerstecker 1866
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Or. †Cryptopoda Kotov 2007
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Fm. †Leptodorosididae Kotov 2007
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G. †Leposida Kotov 2007
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†Leposida ponomarenkoi Kotov 2007
G. †Leptodorosida Kotov 2007
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Subor. †Estheriellina Shen 2003
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Superfm. †Estherielloidea Kobayashi 1954
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Fm. †Estheriellidae Kobayashi 1954
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G. †Estheriella Weiss 1875
G. †Nyasaestheriella Kobayashi 1954
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†Nyasaestheriella nyasana Newton 1910
G. †Grauvogelocaris Geyer et al. 2024
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†Grauvogelocaris alsatica Geyer et al. 2024
G. †Isaura Joly 1841
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†Isaura laxitexta Jones 1890
G. †Olesenocaris Geyer et al. 2024
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†Olesenocaris galli Geyer et al. 2024
Unr. Onychocaudata Olesen and Richter 2013
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Unr. Cladoceromorpha Ax 1999
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Or. Cladocera Latreille 1829 [water flea]
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Subor. Anomopoda Sars 1865
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Fm. Daphniidae Strauss 1820
G. Daphnia Muller 1785
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†Daphnia fossilis von Heyden 1862
Daphnia primaeva M'Coy 1849
Invalid names: Ctenopoda Sars 1865 [empty]
Invalid names: Cyclestherida Sars 1899 [empty]
Subor. Spinicaudata Linder 1945 [clam shrimp]
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Superfm. †Cyzicoidea Stebbing 1910
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Fm. Cyzicidae Stebbing 1910
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G. Cyzicus Audouin 1837
G. †Turfanograpta Novojilov 1957
Superfm. †Eosestherioidea Zhang and Chen 1976
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Fm. †Antronestheriidae Chen and Hudson 1991
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G. †Ethmosestheria Stigall and Hartman 2008
Fm. †Eosestheriidae Zhang and Chen 1976
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G. †Menucoestheria Gallego 1998
Fm. †Euestheriidae Defretin-Lefranc 1965
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G. †Euestheria Depéret and Mazeran 1912
G. †Gregoriusella Kozur and Weems 2010
G. †Laxitextella Kozur 1982
G. †Trigonestheria Novozhilov 1954
Fm. †Orthothemosiidae Defretin-Lefranc 1965
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G. †Glyptoasmussia Novozhilov and Varentzov 1956
Fm. †Polygraptidae Novojilov 1954
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G. †Polygrapta Novojilov 1946
Invalid names: Aquilonoglyptidae Novojilov 1958 [empty]
Superfm. †Limnadioidea Baird 1894
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Fm. Limnadiidae Baird 1894
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Subfm. †Estheriininae Kobayashi 1954
G. Limnadia Brongniart 1840
G. Metalimnadia Mattox 1952
G. †Palaeolimnadia Raymond 1946
Fm. †Lioestheriidae Raymond 1946
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Subfm. †Asmussinae Kobayashi 1954
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G. †Estherites Kobayashi and Huzita 1943
G. †Lioestheria Deperet and Mazeran 1912
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†Lioestheria carinacurvata Martens and Lucas 2005
†Lioestheria monticula Martens 1983
†Lioestheria ovata Lea 1856
G. †Pseudestheria Raymond 1946
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†Pseudestheria limbata Goldenberg 1877
†Pseudestheria tenella Bronn 1850
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Invalid names: Estheria calcarea Fritsch 1895 [synonym], Estheria cyanea Fritsch 1895 [synonym], Estheria palaeoniscorum Fritsch 1895 [synonym], Estheria paupera Fritsch 1901 [synonym]
Invalid names: Lioestheriinae Kobayashi 1954 [empty]
Fm. †Shipingiidae Kozur and Weems 2005
+
G. †Shipingia Shen 1976
Invalid names: Conchostraca Sars 1867 [invalid subgroup], Laevicaudata Linder 1945 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: chitinc
Environment: marine, brackish, freshwaterc
Locomotion: slow-movingc
Life habit: nektobenthicc
Diet: suspension feederc
Diet 2: detritivorec
Vision: well-developedc
Created: 2009-07-21 10:04:49
Modified: 2010-02-04 14:45:55
Source: c = class
Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Atdabanian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 521.00000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 516.0 Ma

Collections (226 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Cambrian538.8 - 509.0China (Hubei) Cycloconchoides venustus (201164)
Atdabanian521.0 - 516.0Germany (Brandenburg) Diplostraca indet. (24190)
Early/Lower Devonian - Middle Devonian419.2 - 382.7Belgium (territoire d'Estinnes-au-Monts) Estheria sp. (23258 23260)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Russian Federation (Siberia) Ulugkemia obrutschevi, Ulugkemia barykensis, Pseudestheria plicata (60392)
Late/Upper Famennian364.7 - 360.7Belgium Conchostraca indet. (131916)
Kinderhookian358.9 - 352.0USA (Montana) Lioestheria sp. (123117)
Bashkirian323.2 - 315.2Canada (Nova Scotia) Leaia leidyi (216610) Lioestheria striata, Leaia tricarinata, Leaia acutangularis, Leaia leidyi, Leaia baentschiana (216606 216609)
Westphalian C314.6 - 309.8Germany Estheria tenella, Leaia baentschiana, Leaia herriana (122593)
Westphalian C314.6 - 309.8France Euestheria bourozi (57698)
Westphalian C - Westphalian D314.6 - 307.5Germany Estheria limbata, Estheria rimosa, Leaia baentschiana, Leaia kliveriana (123953) Estheria limbata, Leaia baentschiana (123825)
Stephanian307.5 - 300.4Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) Leaia baentschiana (123810)
Stephanian307.5 - 300.4Germany Estheria limbata, Leaia baentschiana (138379) Estheria tenella, Leaia baentschiana (138157) Leaia baentschiana (138001 138003 138024 138159 138160 138178 138179 138181 138347 138351 138355)
Stephanian307.5 - 300.4Germany (Saarland) Estheria limbata, Leaia baentschiana (122600) Leaia baentschiana (138356 138363)
Stephanian307.5 - 300.4Germany (Rheinlande) Leaia baentschiana (126164)
Kasimovian307.0 - 303.7Germany (Saarland) Estheria limbata (233078) Leaia baentschi (233077)
Kasimovian307.0 - 303.7USA (New Mexico) Pseudestheria limbata (217022)
Stephanian A305.1 - 301.5Germany Leaia baentschiana (123835 138180)
Virgilian303.7 - 298.9USA (New Mexico) Conchostraca indet. (216992) Pseudestheria sp. (216991 216993)
Stephanian C301.0 - 300.4Germany Leaia baentschiana (137873)
Asselian298.9 - 295.5USA (New Mexico) Lioestheria pseudotenella (124386)