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Emberizidae (old world bunting)

Reptilia - Passeriformes - Emberizidae

Taxonomy
Emberizidae was named by Vigors (1831). It is extant.

It was reranked as the subfamily Emberizinae by Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1956), Mead et al. (1984).

It was assigned to Fringillidae by Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1956), Mead et al. (1984); and to Passeriformes by Emslie (1992), Guthrie (1992), Parmalee (1992), Clements et al. (2017).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1831Emberizidae Vigors
1940Emberizinae Wetmore p. 78
1956Emberizinae Wetmore p. 99
1984Emberizinae Mead et al. p. 264
1992Emberizidae Emslie p. 264
1992Emberizidae Guthrie p. 324
1992Emberizidae Parmalee p. 316
2017Emberizidae Clements et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
RankNameAuthor
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Saurischia()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
—Neognathae(Pycraft 1900)
orderPasseriformesLinnaeus 1758
familyEmberizidaeVigors 1831
familyEmberizidaeVigors 1831

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Emberizidae Vigors 1831 [old world bunting]
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G. Emberiza Linnaeus 1758
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†Emberiza alcoveri Rando et al. 1999
Emberiza calandra Linnaeus 1758 [corn bunting]
Emberiza citrinella Linnaeus 1758 [yellowhammer]
Emberiza schoeniclus Linnaeus 1758 [reed bunting]
Invalid names: Schoeniclus Forster 1817 [synonym]
G. †Pampaemberiza Agnolín 2007
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†Pampaemberiza olrogi Agnolín 2007
Invalid names: Thraupinae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialf
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: volantf
Diet: granivoref
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Comments: based on Arremon, placed in Emberezinaef
Created: 2009-01-03 16:43:19
Modified: 2009-01-03 19:05:06
Source: f = family, o = order
References: Marsh 1875, Thiollay 1994

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Turolian to the top of the Holocene or 8.72500 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 5.09 Ma

Collections (25 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Turolian8.725 - 5.09Russian Federation (Rostovskaya Oblast') Emberiza sp. (174455)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene2.58 - 0.129Italy Emberiza sp. (194929)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Spain (Castilla-Leon) Emberiza citrinella (34870)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Italy (Siracusa) Emberiza sp. 1, Emberiza sp. 2, Emberiza sp. 3 (175900)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Italy (Sardinia) Emberiza sp. (51504)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Italy Emberizidae indet. (197788)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117United Kingdom (England) Emberiza citrinella, Emberiza calandra, Emberiza schoeniclus (125321)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) Emberizidae indet. (152904)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Spain Emberiza sp. (194940)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Romania Emberizidae indet. (197948)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Japan Emberizidae indet. (193440)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greece (Peloponnesus) Emberiza citrinella (184245)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greece (Crete) Emberiza calandra (192960) Emberiza sp. 1 (192957 192958) Emberiza sp. 1, Emberiza sp. 2, Emberiza calandra (192955) Emberiza sp. 2 (92902 192959)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Spain Emberiza alcoveri (194298)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Russian Federation Emberizidae indet. (171637 194810)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0France (Corse) Emberiza cirlus (215378)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Yemen Emberiza sp. (169046 234349)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0New Zealand (South Island) Emberiza citrinella (215380)