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Equus (Sussemionus)
Taxonomy
Species lacking formal opinion data
Equus algericus, Equus altidens, Equus bressanus, Equus ferus, Equus germanicus, Equus helmei, Equus helmei, Equus hydruntinus, Equus koobiforensis, Equus livenzovensis, Equus marxi, Equus mauritanicus, Equus mosbachensis, Equus namadicus, Equus oldowayensis, Equus petraloniensis, Equus robustus, Equus simionescui, Equus stehlini, Equus valeriani, Equus verae
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 2010 | Equus (Sussemionus) Eisenmann p. 235 figs. Figs. 1-5 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subg. †Equus (Sussemionus) Eisenmann 2010
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†Equus (Sussemionus) suessenbornensis Wüst 1901
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| V. Eisenmann 2010 | Upper cheek teeth (Fig. 1) with peculiar plis caballin: multiple and/or with a very large base (Fig. 1A, Fig. 4A, Fig. 6), sometimes club-shaped (Fig. 1B). Such morphol- ogies are unknown in extant species of Equus and in Allohippus. The enamel is often very plicated and the postprotoconal valley may be very deep. Protocones may be extremely short.
On the lower cheek teeth (Fig. 2), the occurence of stylids, sometimes isolated, is remarkable. Isolated ectos- tylids are characteristic of late African hipparions but exceptional in extant Equus. Plis protostylids on P/2 (characteristic of extant Grevy’s zebras [4]) occur fre- quently (Fig. 2A). Plis protostylids on P/3-M/3 may be extremely developed (Fig. 2B) as well as plis hypostylids (Fig. 2C); the latter may even be isolated on M/3. The shape of the double knot of many lower premolars resembles extant hemiones, sometimes in an extreme, caricatural way: the metaconid is elongated, sometimes bilobated, the lingual valley is shallow, at times nearly absent (Fig. 2D and E). Unlike Hemiones, another particularity is the frequency of very deep vestibular valleys, on molars and even on some premolars (Fig. 2F). But the depth of the vestibular valley is very variable: associated teeth may have very deep and very shallow valleys (Fig. 2G). Both features are uncommon in extant species. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1999, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range: base of the Early/Lower Pleistocene to the top of the Middle Pleistocene or 2.58000 to 0.12900 Ma
Collections (13 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Georgia | Equus suessenbornensis (40401) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Equus suessenbornensis (188681) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Romania | Allohippus suessenbornensis (40256) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | France (Auvergne) | Equus suessenbornensis (47830) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene | Spain (Asturias) | Equus suessenbornensis (49211) | |
| Pleistocene | Germany (Thuringia) | Equus suessenbornensis, Equus marxi (22728) | |
| Pleistocene | Georgia | Equus suessenbornensis (40398) | |
| Pleistocene | Romania | Allohippus suessenbornensis (39859) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) | Equus suessenbornensis (50257) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Germany (Bayern) | Equus suessenbornensis (36220) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | France | Equus stenonis (49092) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Turkmenistan | Equus sp. (40695) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Italy (Capri Island) | Equus suessenbornensis (43016) |