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Smittinidae

Gymnolaemata - Cheilostomata - Smittinidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1888Smittidae Jullien p. 52
1893Schismoporellineae Gregory p. 225
1909Smittinidae Levinsen
1917Phylactellidae Canu and Bassler
1935Phylactellidae Canu and Bassler
1935Smittinidae Canu and Bassler
1952Smittinidae Brown
1953Phylactellidae Bassler p. G217
1956Smittinidae Brown
1958Smittinidae Brown
1962Smittinidae Cheetham p. 331
1962Phylactellidae Cheetham p. 334
1994Smittinidae Gordon et al.
1997Smittinidae Lee et al.
2000Phylactellidae Pouyet
2003Smittinidae Schmidt
2006Smittinidae Berning p. 76
2006Smittinidae Bock
2012Smittinidae Gordon p. 10
2015Smittinidae Di Martino and Taylor

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
—Lophophorata
RankNameAuthor
phylumBryozoaEhrenberg 1831
classGymnolaemataAllman 1856
orderCheilostomataBusk 1859
suborderNeocheilostominad'Hondt 1985
superfamilySmittinoideaLevinsen 1909
familySmittinidaeLevinsen 1909
familySmittinidaeLevinsen 1909

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Smittinidae Levinsen 1909
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G. Aspericreta Hayward and Thorpe 1990
G. Dakariella Moyano 1966
G. Dengordonia Soule et al. 1995
G. Dittomesia Gordon 1989
G. Hemismittoidea Soule and Soule 1973
+
†Hemismittoidea waiorensis Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
G. †Houzeauina Pergens 1889
+
†Houzeauina rakhadiae Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
G. Parasmittina Osburn 1952
+
†Parasmittina auris Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
†Parasmittina gujaratica Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
†Parasmittina harudiensis Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
†Parasmittina johni Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
G. Pemmatoporella Hayward and Taylor 1984
G. Phylactella Hincks 1880
+
†Phylactella chapmani Canu and Bassler 1935
Invalid names: Alysidota Busk 1856 [synonym]
G. †Phylactellina Stach 1936
+
G. †Plagiosmittia Canu and Bassler 1917
+
†Plagiosmittia porelloides Canu and Bassler 1920
G. Platychelyna Hayward and Thorpe 1990
G. Pleurocodonellina Soule and Soule 1973
G. †Porismittina Buge 1957
G. Prenantia Gautier 1962
G. Pseudoflustra Bidenkap 1897
G. Raymondcia Soule et al. 1995
G. †Rimulostoma Vigneaux 1949
G. †Schismoporella Gregory 1893
G. Smittina Norman 1903
+
Subg. Smittina (Reussia) Neviani 1895
Subg. Smittina (Smittina) Bassler 1953
Smittina acaroensis Levinsen 1909
†Smittina bathydonta Brown 1952
†Smittina canavarii Neviani 1900
†Smittina crepidula Brown 1952
Smittina cribraria MacGillivray 1886
†Smittina denticulifera Canu and Bassler 1920
†Smittina eagari Brown 1958
Smittina flexuosa Hutton 1873
†Smittina inarmata Brown 1958
Smittina landsborovii Johnston 1847
†Smittina messiniensis El Hajjaji 1992
†Smittina ordinata MacGillivray 1895
†Smittina parviovicellosa Canu and Bassler 1935
†Smittina perforata Canu and Bassler 1935
Smittina purpurea Hincks 1881
Smittina rogickae Brown 1958
†Smittina trispinosa Johnston 1838
+
Smittina unispinosa Waters 1889
†Smittina uttleyi Brown 1958
Invalid names: Smittia Hincks 1879 [replaced]
G. †Smittinella Canu and Bassler 1934
+
†Smittinella magna Canu and Bassler 1935
†Smittinella magniporosa Canu and Bassler 1935
†Smittinella osifera Canu and Bassler 1935
†Smittinella tatei Tenison-Woods 1877
†Smittinella woodi Brown 1952
†Smittinella zealandiae Brown 1952
G. Smittoidea Osburn 1952
+
†Smittoidea crepidula Brown 1952
Smittoidea pacifica Soule and Soule 1973
Smittoidea reticulata MacGillivray 1842
G. Thrypticocirrus Hayward and Thorpe 1988
G. Tracheloptyx Hayward 1993
Invalid names: Phylactellidae Canu and Bassler 1917 [synonym], Schismoporellineae Gregory 1893 [synonym], Smittidae Jullien 1888 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitef
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: stationaryo
Attached: yeso
Life habit: epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Reproduction: oviparouso
Brooding: yeso
Comments: 5.4% calcite with 6% MgCO3 based on 11 specimensf
Created: 2008-02-26 06:28:28
Modified: 2008-02-26 08:28:28
Source: f = family, o = order, c = class, uc = unranked clade
References: Nesnidal et al. 2013, Smith et al. 2006

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Lutetian to the top of the Holocene or 48.07000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 41.03 Ma

Collections (133 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Cenozoic66.0 - 0.0Australia (Victoria) Phylactellina cowandillensis (174185)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03India (Gujarat) Parasmittina auris, Parasmittina harudiensis, Parasmittina johni (177176)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71India Parasmittina auris, Parasmittina harudiensis, Parasmittina johni (178699)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71USA (Florida) Phylactella parvicollum, Plagiosmittia regularis, Smittina strombecki (7330) Plagiosmittia incrustans, Smittina jacksonica (7328) Plagiosmittia regularis (7329) Plagiosmittia regularis, Smittina portentosa, Smittina jacksonica (7324) Plagiosmittia regularis, Smittina portentosa, Smittina strombecki, Smittina jacksonica (7322) Smittina jacksonica (7321) Smittina jacksonica, Smittina telum (7332)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71USA (Alabama) Plagiosmittia regularis, Smittina exigua, Smittina coronata, Smittina portentosa, Smittina jacksonica (7331) Smittina angulata, Smittina jacksonica (7316) Smittina jacksonica (7317)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9USA (Georgia) Smittina denticulifera, Plagiosmittia porelloides (90479 90480) Smittina portentosa (160397)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9USA (Florida) Plagiosmittia regularis (7318)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9New Zealand (North Otago) Parasmittina sp. (172815) Smittoidea sp. 1, Smittoidea sp. 2 (172816)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9USA (Mississippi) Smittina angulata, Porella denticulifera (84174)
Runangan36.7 - 34.6New Zealand Smittina crepidula, Smittina bathydonta (173838)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3USA (Alabama) Smittina ampla (90549 90561 90563) Smittina ampla, Smittina cophia, Smittina granulosa (90562) Smittina granulosa (90551) Smittina reticuloides, Smittina telum, Smittina pupa, Smittina tubulata (90528) Smittina tubulata (90548)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3USA (Mississippi) Smittina angulata (90547)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.04New Zealand (North-West Nelson) Smittinella zealandiae (173837)
Oligocene - Miocene33.9 - 5.333Australia (Victoria) Smittina cribraria, Smittinella tatei (173508) Smittina eagari (173527) Smittina ordinata (173509) Smittina sp. (173510) Smittina uttleyi, Smittina inarmata, Smittinella tatei (173512) Smittinella tatei (173521 173526)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04Australia (Victoria) Phylactella chapmani (174152) Smittina parviocellosa (174151) Smittinella magna (174154)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04Germany Smittina diplostoma, Smittina sp. (46102)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04Malta Smittina sp. (239940) Smittina sp., Smittina cervicornis (239934 239958)
Miocene - Oligocene23.04 - 23.04Australia (Victoria) Plagiosmittia australis, Smittina eagari, Smittina uttleyi, Smittina rogickae, Smittinella tatei, Smittinella wataepoolanensis (173504) Smittina inarmata, Smittina ordinata (173528) Smittina inarmata, Smittinella tatei, Smittina ordinata (173511) Smittina ordinata (173525) Smittinella tatei (173516 173517 173519 173520 173524) Smittinella tatei, Smittina ordinata (173502 173506 173518)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45India (Gujarat) Hemismittoidea waiorensis, Houzeauina rakhadiae, Parasmittina gujaratica (177173)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98India Hemismittoidea waiorensis, Houzeauina rakhadiae, Parasmittina gujaratica (178702) Parasmittina gujaratica (178703)
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene23.04 - 11.63French Southern Territories (Kerguelen Island) Phylactella sp. (209847)
Otaian21.7 - 18.7New Zealand (West Coast) Smittoidea crepidula (172797)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Egypt Porella cervicornis (47007)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98France Smittina sp. (65395)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Germany Smittina cervicornis (188985)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Indonesia Smittina sp., Pleurocodonellina sp., Smittoidea pacifica (173651)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98India (Gujarat) Parasmittina gujaratica (177172)
Altonian18.7 - 15.9New Zealand Smittina purpurea (173830)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Australia (Victoria) Smittina perforata, Smittinella osifera, Smittinella magniporosa, Phylactella chapmani (174139) Smittinella tatei (167299)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Romania Smittina cervicornis (178089 178090)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Czechia Prenantia cheilostoma, Smittina cervicornis (178890) Smittina cervicornis (178887 178888 178892 178895 178896 178897 178898 178899 178901)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Australia (Victoria) Smittina elongata, Smittina seriata, Smittinella tatei (166365)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Indonesia Parasmittina sp. (173650)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Hungary Smittina cervicornis (34739)
Waiauan13.05 - 11.04New Zealand Smittinella woodi (173831)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Spain Smittina cervicornis (177479) Smittina cervicornis, Smittoidea reticulata (177482) Smittina marionensis (177485 177486) Smittoidea reticulata (177480) Smittoidea sp., Smittina messiniensis (178465)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Panama (Colon) Parasmittina parsevaliformis, Parasmittina spathulata, Parasmittina n. sp. 1 (79785)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Morocco Porella cervicornis (70928) Smittina sp. (34723) Smittoidea reticulata, Porella cervicornis (34724)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Panama (Bocas del Toro) Parasmittina areolata (79982)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Portugal Smittoidea sp. (152330)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Australia (Victoria) Smittinella tatei (166744)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58New Zealand Smittina trispinosa (173738) Smittina trispinosa, Smittina flexuosa, Smittinella zealandiae (173739) Smittina trispinosa, Smittinella zealandiae (173740)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Australia (South Australia) Smittina trispinosa (172911)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Spain Smittina canavarii, Smittina cervicornis, Smittoidea reticulata (177491) Smittina canavarii, Smittina marionensis, Smittoidea reticulata (177489) Smittina cervicornis (177490)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Antarctica Smittina gibbera (41576) Smittina sp. (41578)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58USA (California) Smittina sp. (237381)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Jamaica Smittina ophidiana (58522)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Panama (Bocas del Toro) Parasmittina areolata (91901) Parasmittina crosslandi (61339)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Panama (Bocas) Parasmittina areolata, Parasmittina parsevaliformis (79983) Parasmittina sp. (79989) Smittoidea maleposita (79772)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Greece Smittina canavarii, Smittoidea reticulata, Porella cervicornis (71243)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Italy Phylactella mediterranea (146291)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Costa Rica (Limon) Parasmittina parsevaliformis, Parasmittina n. sp. 1 (79842) Parasmittina parsevaliformis, Parasmittina n. sp. 7 (79835) Parasmittina spathulata, Parasmittina n. sp. 3 (79845) Smittoidea pacifica (79844)
Castlecliffian1.63 - 0.34New Zealand Smittina acaroensis (173733) Smittina flexuosa, Smittina unispinosa, Smittinella zealandiae (173734)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Greenland Smittina majuscula (75197) Smittoidea sp. (75200)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (California) Smittina discoidea (202634)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) Parasmittina trispinosa (60927 60928)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (New York) Parasmittina trispinosa (81751)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Barbados Parasmittina ophidiana (148714)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Florida) Parasmittina sp., Smittina smittiella (97606) Parasmittina spathulata (97607 97608) Parasmittina spathulata, Parasmittina sp., Smittina signata, Smittina smittiella (97610)