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Bubalina

Mammalia - Bovidae

Taxonomy
Bubalina was named by Pligrim (1939). It is extant.

It was assigned to Bovini by Hassanin and Douzery (1999) and Croft et al. (2006).

Subtaxa
Bubalus, Syncerus

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1939Bubalina Pligrim p. 1039
1999Bubalina Hassanin and Douzery p. 899
2006Bubalina Croft et al. p. 1039

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
RankNameAuthor
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
—Ruminantiamorpha
—Ruminantia(Scopoli 1777)
—Pecora()
superfamilyBovoidea
familyBovidae
subfamilyBovinae(Gray 1821)
tribeBoviniGray 1821
subtribeBubalinaPligrim 1939
subtribeBubalinaPligrim 1939

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subtr. Bubalina Pligrim 1939
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G. Bubalus Hamilton-Smith 1827 [water buffalo]
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+
†Anoa quarlesi Ouwens 1910
Subg. †Bubalus (Bubalus) Hamilton-Smith 1827
†Bubalus brevicornis Young 1936
Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus 1758
+
Invalid names: Bos arnee Kerr 1792 [synonym]
†Bubalus cebuensis Croft et al. 2006
Bubalus depressicornis Smith 1827 [lowland anoa]
†Bubalus guzhensis Liu Jialong & Zhen Shuonan 1981
†Bubalus mephistopheles Hopwood 1925
Bubalus murrensis Berckhemer 1927
†Bubalus palaeindicus Falconer 1868
†Bubalus palaeokerabau Dubois 1908
†Bubalus platyceros Lydekker 1877
+
Invalid names: Bubalus sivalensis Rutimeyer 1878 [synonym]
Bubalus quarlesi Ouwens 1910
†Bubalus teilhardi Young 1932
†Bubalus tingi Bohlin 1938
†Bubalus triangulatus Liu Jialong 1981
†Bubalus wansijocki Boule and Chardin 1928
†Bubalus youngi Chow and Hsu 1957
G. Syncerus Hodgson 1847 [African buffalo]
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†Syncerus acoelotus Gentry 1985
†Syncerus caffer Sparman 1779 [African buffalo]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: grazerf
Diet 2: browserf
Reproduction: viviparousf
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-09-22 12:01:17
Source: f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1999, Nowak 1991

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Pliocene to the top of the Holocene or 3.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 2.588 Ma

Collections (147 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Ethiopia (Afar) Syncerus sp. (70907)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588South Africa Syncerus acoelotus (22354)
Pliocene - Calabrian5.333 - 0.774Ethiopia Syncerus acoelotus (21739)
Pliocene - Calabrian5.333 - 0.774South Africa Syncerus sp. (21791)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Malawi Syncerus sp. (22323)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Congo-Kinshasa Syncerus sp. (22346)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588South Africa Syncerus caffer (22340)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588India Bubalus sp. (39209)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Indonesia (Sulawesi) Anoa sp. (93626)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Ethiopia Syncerus acoelotus (21549 21608)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Chad Syncerus sp. (22506)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene3.6 - 0.781India (Punjab) Bubalus platyceros (236045)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Pleistocene3.6 - 0.0117South Africa Syncerus acoelotus (22331) Syncerus sp. (22332 22334)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Pleistocene3.6 - 0.0117India (Madhya Pradesh) Bubalus palaeindicus (232190)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Kenya Syncerus sp. (32116)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Tanzania Syncerus acoelotus (22596)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Ethiopia Syncerus acoelotus (21544 21567 21573 21578 21603 21631 21632 21644 21661 21671 21674 21964 21983 21988 22007 22018 22023 22026 22039)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781India (Himchal Pradesh) Bubalus sp. (236041)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781South Africa Syncerus sp. (21824)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Indonesia Bubalus palaeokerabau (93522)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781China (Hunan) Bubalus sp. (36819)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.588 - 0.774Ethiopia (Ethiopian Rift) Syncerus acoelotus (22491 22492 22494) Syncerus sp. (22490)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Philippines (Luzon) Bubalus indet. (40273)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Djibouti Syncerus sp. (22482)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Philippines Bubalus sp. (94610)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117South Africa (Orange Free) Syncerus caffer (21867)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117South Africa Syncerus caffer (21695 21916 21953 21956) Syncerus sp. (21825 21828 21829)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Indonesia (Java) Bubalus palaeokerabau (213296)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Indonesia (Sualwesi) Anoa sp. (93638)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Indonesia (Sulawesi) Anoa depressicornis (93697) Anoa sp. (93637)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117China (Yunnan) Bubalus sp. (36587)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0Philippines (Cebu) Bubalus cebuensis (93738)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0Congo-Kinshasa Syncerus caffer (22074 22099) Syncerus sp. (22087 22112)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0South Africa Syncerus caffer (21948 21949 21950 21951 21952 21957)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0Tanzania Syncerus caffer (22190)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0Zambia Syncerus caffer (21924)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Tanzania (Lake Natron Basin) Syncerus sp. (22557 22582)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774South Africa Syncerus caffer (21923 21928)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Namibia Syncerus caffer (21926)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Kenya (Rift Valley) Syncerus caffer (21347 21348)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Tanzania Syncerus acoelotus (21968 22468 22626 22627 22628) Syncerus sp., Syncerus acoelotus (21970)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Indonesia (Sulawesi) Anoa sp. (93636)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Thailand (Chaiyaphum) Bubalus bubalis (237787)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Vietnam (Lang Son) Bubalus bubalis (92781)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129China (Guangdong) Bubalus sp. (40341 120834)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Indonesia (Jawa Timur) Bubalus palaeokerabau (93521)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129China (Hubei) Bubalus sp. (234753)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Laos (Hua Pan) Bubalus bubalis (235746)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima) Bubalus arnee (143885) Giraffidae indet. (144185)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117China (Anhui) Bubalus sp. (36868)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117China (Guangdong) Bubalus bubalus (13293)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Tanzania Syncerus caffer (21893)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Kenya Syncerus caffer (22272) Syncerus sp. (22302)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117China (Hunan) Bubalus sp. (36729 36730)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Kenya (Rift Valley) Syncerus caffer (21337)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117South Africa Syncerus caffer (90070 96974) Syncerus sp. (21709 113858)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117China (Hubei) Bubalus bubalis (92787)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117South Africa Syncerus caffer (115167)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117China (Sichuan) Bubalus sp. (34679)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Rwanda Syncerus sp. (129899)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117China (Nei Mongol) Bubalus wansjocki (35928)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Indonesia Bubalus bubalus (93524) Bubalus palaeokerabau (93523)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Taiwan Bubalus teilhardi, Bubalus youngi (73686)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greece (Thessalia) Bubalus arnee (204397)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Thailand (Chaiyaphum) Bubalus sp. (237788)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0India (West Bengal) Bubalus palaeindicus (13456)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0South Africa Syncerus caffer (21896 21917 21918 21930)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Kenya Syncerus caffer (21936)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Sudan Syncerus caffer (21871 208786)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Congo-Kinshasa Syncerus caffer (22067 22068 22073) Syncerus sp. (22083 22113 22118 22126)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0South Africa (Orange Free) Syncerus caffer (21861 21908 21942 21943 21944 21947)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Zambia Syncerus caffer (21894 21895)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Tanzania Syncerus caffer (21690)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Niger Syncerus caffer (83303)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Swaziland Syncerus caffer (21927 21955)