Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Taxonomy
Bubalina was named by Pligrim (1939). It is extant.
It was assigned to Bovini by Hassanin and Douzery (1999), Croft et al. (2006).
It was assigned to Bovini by Hassanin and Douzery (1999), Croft et al. (2006).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1939 | Bubalina Pligrim p. 1039 |
1999 | Bubalina Hassanin and Douzery p. 899 |
2006 | Bubalina Croft et al. p. 1039 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subtr. Bubalina Pligrim 1939
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G. Bubalus Hamilton-Smith 1827 [water buffalo]
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Subg. †Bubalus (Bubalus) Hamilton-Smith 1827
†Bubalus brevicornis Young 1936
†Bubalus cebuensis Croft et al. 2006
Bubalus depressicornis Smith 1827 [lowland anoa]
†Bubalus guzhensis Liu Jialong & Zhen Shuonan 1981
†Bubalus mephistopheles Hopwood 1925
Bubalus mindorensis Heude 1888
Bubalus murrensis Berckhemer 1927
†Bubalus palaeindicus Falconer 1868
†Bubalus palaeokerabau Dubois 1908
Bubalus quarlesi Ouwens 1910
†Bubalus teilhardi Young 1932
†Bubalus tingi Bohlin 1938
†Bubalus triangulatus Liu Jialong 1981
†Bubalus wansijocki Boule and Chardin 1928
†Bubalus youngi Chow and Hsu 1957
G. Syncerus Hodgson 1847 [African buffalo]
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†Syncerus acoelotus Gentry 1985
†Syncerus caffer Sparman 1779 [African buffalo]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1991 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Pliocene to the top of the Holocene or 3.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 2.58 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 2.58 Ma
Collections (157 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Pliocene | Ethiopia (Afar) | Syncerus sp. (70907) | |
Pliocene | South Africa | Syncerus acoelotus (22354) | |
Pliocene - Calabrian | Ethiopia | Syncerus acoelotus (21739) | |
Pliocene - Calabrian | South Africa | Syncerus sp. (21791) | |
Pliocene - Pleistocene | Malawi | Syncerus sp. (22323) | |
Pliocene - Pleistocene | Congo-Kinshasa | Syncerus sp. (22346) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene | South Africa | Syncerus caffer (22340) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene | India | Bubalus sp. (39209) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene | Indonesia (Sulawesi) | Anoa sp. (93626) | |
Piacenzian | Ethiopia | Syncerus acoelotus (21549 21608) | |
Piacenzian | Chad | Syncerus sp. (22506) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene | India (Punjab) | Bubalus platyceros (236045) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene - Pleistocene | South Africa | Syncerus acoelotus (22331) Syncerus sp. (22332 22334) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene - Pleistocene | India (Madhya Pradesh) | Bubalus palaeindicus (232190) | |
Gelasian | Tanzania | Syncerus acoelotus (22596) | |
Gelasian | Kenya | Syncerus sp. (32116) | |
Gelasian | Ethiopia | Syncerus acoelotus (21544 21567 21573 21578 21603 21631 21632 21644 21661 21671 21674 21964 21983 21988 22007 22018 22023 22026 22039) | |
Early/Lower Pleistocene | South Africa | Syncerus sp. (21824) | |
Early/Lower Pleistocene | China (Hunan) | Bubalus sp. (36819) | |
Early/Lower Pleistocene | Indonesia | Bubalus palaeokerabau (93522) | |
Early/Lower Pleistocene | India (Himchal Pradesh) | Bubalus sp. (236041) | |
Gelasian - Calabrian | Ethiopia (Ethiopian Rift) | Syncerus acoelotus (22491 22492 22494) Syncerus sp. (22490) | |
Pleistocene | South Africa | Syncerus caffer (21695 21916 21953 21956) Syncerus sp. (21825 21828 21829) | |
Pleistocene | Philippines | Bubalus sp. (94610) | |
Pleistocene | South Africa (Orange Free) | Syncerus caffer (21867) | |
Pleistocene | India | Bubalus bubalis (237975) Bubalus bubalis, Bubalus palaeindicus (237976 237977 238021) Bubalus sp. (238018 238019) | |
Pleistocene | Djibouti | Syncerus sp. (22482) | |
Pleistocene | Philippines (Luzon) | Bubalus indet. (40273) | |
Pleistocene | China (Yunnan) | Bubalus sp. (36587) | |
Pleistocene | Indonesia (Sualwesi) | Anoa sp. (93638) | |
Pleistocene | India (Uttar Pradesh) | Bubalus sp. (237974) | |
Pleistocene | Indonesia (Sulawesi) | Anoa depressicornis (93697) Anoa sp. (93637) | |
Pleistocene | Sri Lanka | Bubalus bubalis (238030) | |
Pleistocene | Indonesia (Java) | Bubalus palaeokerabau (213296) | |
Pleistocene - Holocene | Congo-Kinshasa | Syncerus caffer (22074 22099) Syncerus sp. (22087 22112) | |
Pleistocene - Holocene | South Africa | Syncerus caffer (21948 21949 21950 21951 21952 21957) | |
Pleistocene - Holocene | Tanzania | Syncerus caffer (22190) | |
Pleistocene - Holocene | Philippines (Cebu) | Bubalus cebuensis (93738) | |
Pleistocene - Holocene | Zambia | Syncerus caffer (21924) | |
Calabrian | Tanzania (Lake Natron Basin) | Syncerus sp. (22557 22582) | |
Calabrian | Namibia | Syncerus caffer (21926) | |
Calabrian | Kenya (Rift Valley) | Syncerus caffer (21347 21348) | |
Calabrian | South Africa | Syncerus caffer (21923 21928) | |
Calabrian | Tanzania | Syncerus acoelotus (21968 22468 22626 22627 22628) Syncerus sp., Syncerus acoelotus (21970) | |
Calabrian - Chibanian | Indonesia (Jawa Timur) | Bubalus palaeokerabau (93521) | |
Middle Pleistocene | Indonesia (Sulawesi) | Anoa sp. (93636) | |
Middle Pleistocene | Thailand (Chaiyaphum) | Bubalus bubalis (237787) | |
Middle Pleistocene | Laos (Hua Pan) | Bubalus bubalis (235746) | |
Middle Pleistocene | China (Guangdong) | Bubalus sp. (40341 120834) | |
Middle Pleistocene | China (Hubei) | Bubalus sp. (234753) | |
Middle Pleistocene | Vietnam (Lang Son) | Bubalus bubalis (92781) | |
Middle Pleistocene | Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima) | Bubalus arnee (143885) Giraffidae indet. (144185) | |
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | India (Gujarat) | Bubalus sp. (173345) | |
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | China (Anhui) | Bubalus sp. (36868) | |
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | Tanzania | Syncerus caffer (21893) | |
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | Kenya | Syncerus caffer (22272) Syncerus sp. (22302) | |
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | China (Guangdong) | Bubalus bubalus (13293) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | China (Hunan) | Bubalus sp. (36729 36730) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | Rwanda | Syncerus sp. (129899) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | China (Sichuan) | Bubalus sp. (34679) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | Thailand (Chaiyaphum) | Bubalus sp. (237788) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | Taiwan | Bubalus teilhardi, Bubalus youngi (73686) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | China (Hubei) | Bubalus bubalis (92787) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | India | Bubalus sp. (224310) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | South Africa | Syncerus caffer (115167) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | Indonesia | Bubalus bubalus (93524) Bubalus palaeokerabau (93523) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | Greece (Thessalia) | Bubalus arnee (204397) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | China (Nei Mongol) | Bubalus wansjocki (35928) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | South Africa | Syncerus caffer (90070 96974) Syncerus sp. (21709 113858) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | Kenya (Rift Valley) | Syncerus caffer (21337) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | India (West Bengal) | Bubalus palaeindicus (13456) | |
Holocene | South Africa | Syncerus caffer (21896 21917 21918 21930) | |
Holocene | Niger | Syncerus caffer (83303) | |
Holocene | South Africa (Orange Free) | Syncerus caffer (21861 21908 21942 21943 21944 21947) | |
Holocene | Tanzania | Syncerus caffer (21690) | |
Holocene | Kenya | Syncerus caffer (21936) | |
Holocene | Congo-Kinshasa | Syncerus caffer (22067 22068 22073) Syncerus sp. (22083 22113 22118 22126) | |
Holocene | Zambia | Syncerus caffer (21894 21895) | |
Holocene | Sudan | Syncerus caffer (21871 208786) | |
Holocene | Eswatini | Syncerus caffer (21927 21955) |