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Silesauridae

Osteichthyes

Taxonomy
Silesauridae was named by Langer et al. (2010) [referred to as a "stem-based clade" instead of a family: "All archosaurs closer to Silesaurus opolensis, than to Heterodontosaurus tucki and Marasuchus lilloensis." Note that Nesbitt et al (2010: reference 32231) also erect Silesauridae as a "new clade" but with a different phylogenetic definition.]. It was considered monophyletic by Langer et al. (2010), Nesbitt (2011).

It was assigned to Parapredentata by Fonseca et al. (2024); and to Dinosauriformes by Nesbitt et al. (2010), Langer et al. (2010), Nesbitt (2011), Bittencourt and Langer (2011), Sarigul et al. (2018), Martz and Small (2019), Lovelace et al. (2025).

Entered
by R. Butler on 2010-02-10; modified by G. Lloyd on 2026-05-02

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1988Lewisuchinae Paul p. 242
2010Silesauridae Langer et al.
2010Silesauridae Nesbitt et al. p. 95
2011Silesauridae Bittencourt and Langer p. 35
2011Silesauridae Nesbitt p. 208 fig. 52
2018Silesauridae Sarigul et al.
2019Silesauridae Martz and Small p. 16
2024Silesauridae Fonseca et al.
2025Silesauridae Lovelace et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
RankNameAuthor
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
Diapsida()
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
Crocopoda
ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
Eucrocopoda
Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
Ornithodira
Dinosauromorpha
Dinosauriformes
Dinosauria()
Ornithischia()
ParapredentataNorman 2022
Silesauridae
Silesauridae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Silesauridae Langer et al. 2010
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G. †Amanasaurus Müller and Garcia 2023
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Amanasaurus nesbitti Müller and Garcia 2023
G. †Asilisaurus Nesbitt et al. 2010
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Asilisaurus kongwe Nesbitt et al. 2010
G. †Gamatavus Pretto et al. 2022
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Gamatavus antiquus Pretto et al. 2022
G. †Lewisuchus Romer 1972
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Lewisuchus admixtus Romer 1972
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Invalid names: Pseudolagosuchus major Arcucci 1987 [synonym]
Invalid names: Pseudolagosuchus Arcucci 1987 [synonym]
G. †Soumyasaurus Sarigul et al. 2018
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Soumyasaurus aenigmaticus Sarigul et al. 2018
Unr. †Sulcimentisauria Martz and Small 2019
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G. †Diodorus Kammerer et al. 2012
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Diodorus scytobrachion Kammerer et al. 2012
G. †Eucoelophysis Sullivan and Lucas 1999
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Eucoelophysis baldwini Sullivan and Lucas 1999
G. †Kwanasaurus Martz and Small 2019
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Kwanasaurus williamparkeri Martz and Small 2019
G. †Lutungutali Peecook et al. 2013
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Lutungutali sitwensis Peecook et al. 2013
G. †Sacisaurus Ferigolo and Langer 2007
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Sacisaurus agudoensis Ferigolo and Langer 2007
G. †Silesaurus Dzik 2003
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Silesaurus opolensis Dzik 2003
G. †Technosaurus Chatterjee 1984
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Technosaurus smalli Chatterjee 1984
Invalid names: Lewisuchinae Paul 1988 [invalid subgroup]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
S. J. Nesbitt et al. 2010Silesauridae differs from all other archosaurs in possessing the following unique combination of character states: rugose ridge on the anterolateral edges of the supraoccipital; notch ventral to femoral head; straight transverse groove on the proximal surface of the femur; and ilium has a straight ventral margin of the acetabulum (see Supplementary Information).
S. J. Nesbitt 2011The most inclusive clade containing Silesaurus opolensis Dzik, 2003, but not Passer domesticus Linnaeus, 1758, Triceratops horridus Marsh (1889), and Alligator mississippiensis Daudin, 1801–1803.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: gregariouso
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: herbivoreo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2004-12-14 12:50:52
Modified: 2004-12-14 14:50:52
Source: o = order
References: Kiessling 2004, Marsh 1875

Age range: base of the Anisian to the top of the Rhaetian or 246.70000 to 201.40000 Ma

Collections (37 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Anisian246.7 - 241.464Tanzania (Ruvuma) Asilisaurus kongwe (94651 181056 181057 181058) Silesauridae indet. (159740)
Anisian - Carnian246.7 - 227.3Zambia (Eastern) Lutungutali sitwensis (151894)
Ladinian241.464 - 237.0Argentina (La Rioja) Lewisuchus admixtus (13271) Pseudolagosuchus major (105535)
Ladinian241.464 - 237.0Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) Gamatavus antiquus (228664)
Longobardian - Julian239.48 - 233.6Argentina (La Rioja) Lewisuchus admixtus (205839)
Longobardian - Judithian239.48 - 72.2Argentina (La Rioja) Pseudolagosuchus major (26092)
Carnian237.0 - 227.3Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) Amanasaurus nesbitti (229930)
Carnian237.0 - 227.3USA (Wyoming) Sulcimentisauria indet. (278644)
Carnian237.0 - 227.3Poland (Slaskie) Dinosauriformes indet. (110467)
Carnian - Norian237.0 - 205.7Poland (Opole) Archosauria indet. (61450) Silesaurus opolensis (61448)
Carnian - Norian237.0 - 205.7USA (Texas) Ornithosuchidae indet. (22706)
Carnian - Norian237.0 - 205.7Morocco (Marrakech-Safi) Diodorus scytobrachion (118012)
Tuvalian233.6 - 227.3Poland (Opole) Silesaurus opolensis (61449)
Norian227.3 - 205.7USA (Texas) Ornithischia indet., Dinosauriformes indet. (13273)
Norian227.3 - 205.7USA (Arizona) Dinosauriformes indet. (48547) Silesauridae indet. (207035 218118 218119 218122 218123)
Norian227.3 - 205.7Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) Ornithischia indet. (55442)
Norian227.3 - 205.7USA (New Mexico) Coelophysis sp. (54007) Silesaurus sp. (74202)
Norian - Rhaetian227.3 - 201.4Poland (Śląskie) Silesauridae indet. (132933)
Norian - Rhaetian227.3 - 201.4USA (Colorado) Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (206266 206267 206268 206270) Silesauridae indet., Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (92089 206269)
Rhaetian205.7 - 201.4USA (New Mexico) Eucoelophysis sp. (48422)