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Paleopneustina

Echinoidea - Spatangoida

Taxonomy
Paleopneustina was named by Agassiz (1904). It is extant.

It was assigned to Spatangoida by Kroh and Smith (2010).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1904Paleopneustina Agassiz
2010Paleopneustina Kroh and Smith p. 173

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
subphylumEleutherozoa
—Echinozoa()
classEchinoidea()
RankNameAuthor
subclassEuechinoideaBronn 1860
superorderAcroechinoidea()
—Carinacea
—Irregularia()
—Atelostomata
orderSpatangoida
suborderPaleopneustina
suborderPaleopneustina

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subor. Paleopneustina Agassiz 1904
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Superfm. Paleopneustidea Agassiz 1904
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Fm. Paleopneustidae Agassiz 1904
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G. †Nacospatangus Agassiz 1873
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†Nacospatangus gracilis Agassiz 1873
G. Paleopneustes Agassiz 1873 [heart urchin]
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†Paleopneustes holmani Grant and Hertlein 1938
G. Pericosmus Agassiz 1847
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Subg. Pericosmus (Pericosmus) Fischer 1966
Subg. †Pericosmus (Victoriaster) Lambert 1920
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†Victoriaster lamberti Sanchez Roig 1923
†Pericosmus aguayoi Sanchez Roig 1949
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Invalid names: Mauritanaster depressus Sanchez Roig 1949 [synonym], Mauritanaster marroquinensis Sanchez Roig 1953 [synonym], Pericosmus giganteus Sanchez Roig 1952 [synonym]
†Pericosmus altus Hutton 1873
†Pericosmus annosus Henderson 1975
†Pericosmus artemisae Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Pericosmus atolladosae Sanchez Roig 1951
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Invalid names: Pericosmus rojasi Sanchez Roig 1951 [synonym]
†Pericosmus blanquizalensis Sanchez Roig 1952
†Pericosmus borraeus Henderson 1975
†Pericosmus camagueyanus Sanchez Roig 1949
†Pericosmus crawfordi Hutton 1873
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Invalid names: Linthia compressus Duncan 1877 [synonym], Meoma brevipatalata Hutton 1873 [synonym], Pericosmus mccoyi Gregory 1890 [synonym]
†Pericosmus israelskyi Durham 1961
Pericosmus latus Agassiz 1847
†Pericosmus mortenseni Sanchez Roig 1952
†Pericosmus roigi Lambert 1921
†Pericosmus scaevus Henderson 1975
†Pericosmus valenzuelai Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Pericosmus zanolettii Sanchez-Roig 1953
Invalid names: Megalaster Duncan 1877 [synonym], Pericosmus cubanus Palmer 1949 [nomen nudum]
Invalid names: Pericosmidae Lambert 1905 [empty]
Fm. Prenasteridae Lambert 1905
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G. †Carolinaster Osborn et al. 2016
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†Carolinaster varnami Osborn et al. 2016
Invalid names: Unifasciidae Cooke 1959 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. Schizasteridae Lambert 1905
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G. Agassizia Valenciennes 1846
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†Agassizia alveari Sanchez Roig 1949
†Agassizia caobaensis Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Agassizia clevei Cotteau 1875
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Invalid names: Agassizia avilensis Sanchez Roig 1949 [synonym]
†Agassizia conradi Bouvé 1851
†Agassizia floridiana de Loriol 1887
†Agassizia inflata Jackson 1922
†Agassizia persica Clegg 1933
†Agassizia pinarensis Sanchez Roig 1952
†Agassizia porifera Ravenel 1848
†Agassizia rimulata Ravenel 1848
†Agassizia scrobiculata Valenciennes 1846
G. †Anisaster Pomel 1886
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Invalid names: Agassizia flexuosa Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen dubium], Agassizia lamberti Palmer 1949 [nomen dubium]
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†Aguayoaster aquayoi Sanchez Roig 1952
†Aguayoaster nuevitasensi Sanchez Roig 1949
†Aguayoaster schickleri Donovan and Rowe 2000
G. Brisaster Gray 1855
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†Brisaster latifrons Agassiz 1898
†Brisaster maximus Clark 1937
†Brisaster moseleyi Agassiz 1881
†Brisaster townsendi Agassiz 1898
G. †Caribbaster Kier 1984
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†Caribbaster loveni Cotteau 1875
G. Diploporaster Mortensen 1950
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†Diploporaster flemingi Henderson 1975
G. †Kina Henderson 1975
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†Kina gracilis Henderson 1975
G. †Lambertona Sanchez-Roig 1953
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†Lambertona lyoni Hutton 1873
†Lambertona perdita Henderson 1975
†Lambertona perplexa Henderson 1975
G. †Linthia Desor 1853
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Subg. †Linthia (Linthia) Fischer 1966
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†Linthia alabamensis Clark and Twitchell 1915
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Invalid names: Linthia maverickensis Gardner 1935 [synonym]
†Linthia avilensis Sanchez Roig 1949
†Linthia brodermanni Sanchez Roig 1949
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Invalid names: Linthia alta Sanchez Roig 1949 [synonym], Linthia gonzalezmunozi Sanchez Roig 1952 [synonym], Micraster elevatus Sanchez Roig 1949 [synonym]
†Linthia ghiroboensis Tessier and Roman 1973
†Linthia hanoverensis Kellum 1926
†Linthia houzeaui Cotteau 1878
†Linthia monteroae Kier 1984
†Linthia navillei de Loriol 1880
†Linthia praenipponica Nagao 1928
†Linthia prima Cooke 1942
†Linthia sanrafaelensis Israelsky 1923
†Linthia sudanensis Bather 1904
†Linthia variabilis Slocom 1909
†Linthia wilmingtonensis Clark and Twitchell 1915
Invalid names: Linthia cretacica Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen dubium], Linthia garciai Sanchez Roig 1952 [nomen dubium]
G. Moira Agassiz 1872
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Subg. Moira (Moira) Fischer 1966
†Moira atropos Lamarck 1816
†Moira clothro Michelin 1855
Invalid names: Moera Michelin 1855 [replaced]
G. †Opissaster Pomel 1883
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†Opissaster cantabriae Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Opissaster derasmoi Checchia-Rispoli 1850
†Opissaster herrerae Lambert and Sanchez Roig 1923
†Opissaster rotundatus Zittel 1864
†Opissaster tainui Henderson 1975
G. †Prenaster Desor 1853
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Subg. Prenaster (Prenaster) Fischer 1966
†Prenaster parvus Palmer 1949
†Prenaster synapticus Henderson 1975
G. †Saviniaster Lambert 1911
Invalid names: Prenaster clarki Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen dubium], Prenaster elongatus Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen dubium], Prenaster sanchezi Lambert 1949 [nomen dubium], Protenaster Pomel 1883 [synonym]
G. †Proraster
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†Proraster dalli Clark 1891
†Proraster geayi Cottreau 1908
G. Schizaster Agassiz 1835
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Subg. †Schizaster (Dipneustes) Arnaud 1891
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†Schizaster (Dipneustes) fosteri McNamara and Philip 1980
Subg. Schizaster (Ova) Gray 1825
Subg. Schizaster (Paraster) Pomel 1869
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†Paraster armiger Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Paraster delgadoi Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Paraster eustatii Engel 1961
†Paraster joannisboehmi Parma and Casadío 2005
†Paraster pinarensis Sanchez-Roig 1953
†Schizaster (Paraster) carinatus McNamara and Philip 1980
†Schizaster (Paraster) delorenzoi Checchia-Rispoli 1950
†Schizaster (Paraster) rougeriei Tessier and Roman 1973
†Schizaster (Paraster) tatei McNamara and Philip 1980
Invalid names: Prymnaster Koehler 1914 [synonym], Rotundaster Lambert and Thiery 1925 [synonym]
Subg. Schizaster (Schizaster) Agassiz 1836
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†Schizaster (Schizaster) halli McNamara and Philip 1980
†Schizaster americana Clark and Twitchell 1915
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Invalid names: Schizaster gigas Sanchez Roig 1953 [synonym], Schizaster pentagonalis Sanchez Roig 1953 [synonym]
†Schizaster beckeri Cooke 1942
†Schizaster californicus Weaver 1908
†Schizaster camagueyensis Weisbord 1934
†Schizaster cartagensis Sanchez Roig 1949
†Schizaster compactus Koehler 1914
†Schizaster costaricensis Durham 1961
†Schizaster cristatus Jackson 1917
†Schizaster cubensis d'Orbigny 1842
†Schizaster cubitabellae Weisbord 1934
†Schizaster deletus Wilckens 1907
†Schizaster delgadoi Sanchez Roig 1953
†Schizaster dumblei Israelsky 1924
†Schizaster egozcuei Lambert 1922
†Schizaster fernandezi Sanchez Roig 1952
†Schizaster floridanus Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Schizaster formelli Kier 1984
†Schizaster gerthi Pijpers 1933
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Invalid names: Paraster clarki Sanchez Roig 1949 [synonym]
†Schizaster lecontei Merriam 1899
†Schizaster llagunoi Lambert and Sanchez Roig 1949
†Schizaster munozi Sanchez Roig 1949
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Invalid names: Paraster orientalis Sanchez Roig 1949 [synonym], Paraster tschopi Palmer 1949 [synonym], Schizaster guirensis Sanchez Roig 1949 [synonym], Schizaster riveroi Sanchez Roig 1952 [synonym]
†Schizaster neuvitasensis Weisbord 1934
†Schizaster panamensis Jackson 1917
†Schizaster rimosus Desor 1847
†Schizaster rojasi Sanchez Roig 1952
†Schizaster salutis Sanchez Roig 1949
†Schizaster sanctamariae Sanchez Roig 1949
†Schizaster santanae Sanchez Roig 1949
†Schizaster schlosseri Traub 1938
†Schizaster sphenoides Hall 1907
†Schizaster stalderi Weaver 1908
Schizaster studeri Agassiz 1836
†Schizaster subcylindricus Cotteau 1875
Invalid names: Aplospatangus Lambert 1907 [synonym], Brachybrissus Pomel 1883 [synonym], Schizaster alcaldei Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen nudum], Schizaster cojimarensis Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen nudum], Schizaster habanensis Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen nudum], Schizaster moronensis Sanchez Roig 1951 [nomen dubium], Schizaster pastelilloensis Weisbord 1934 [nomen dubium], Schizaster sandiegensis Sanchez Roig 1949 [nomen dubium], Schizaster sierrai Sanchez Roig 1951 [nomen dubium]
G. †Tripylus
Invalid names: Brisasterinae Markov 1994 [empty]
Invalid names: Periasteridae Lambert 1920 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calciteo
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: slow-movingo
Life habit: shallow infaunalo
Diet: deposit feedero
Diet 2: detritivoreo
Vision: limitedc
Dispersal: watero
Dispersal 2: planktonico
Created: 2004-02-28 12:18:10
Modified: 2009-10-08 16:32:56
Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum
References: Kiessling 2004, Aberhan 1992

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Albian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 106.30000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 100.5 Ma

Collections (364 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Albian106.3 - 100.5USA (Texas) Hemiaster dalli (187292)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0Argentina (San Luis) Schizaster deletus (235482)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8Egypt Linthia roashensis (140954)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Texas) Proraster dalli (78197)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Texas) Proraster dalli (3611 78196 197714 197715 197716)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Oman Linthia sp. (160973)
Middle Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Texas) Proraster dalli (3632)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Spain Proraster geayi (3772)
Campanian - Paleocene83.6 - 56.0Mali Linthia sudanensis (202357)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Arkansas) Linthia variabilis (78179)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Mississippi) Linthia variabilis (4109 4110)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Alabama) Linthia sp. (4173 4194 4200 4201 4213 4215 4229 4230 4231) Linthia variabilis (4216)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Texas) Linthia sp. (4476) Linthia variabilis (4503 4520 142364) Linthia variabilis, Proraster dalli (4517) Proraster dalli (4514 197652)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Mississippi) Linthia sp. (4168 4171) Linthia variabilis (4127 4133 4138 78195 142418 159913 159921 184985 197606 197607 197608)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (North Carolina) Linthia variabilis (4363 197713)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Mali Linthia sudanensis (202360)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Argentina (La Pampa) Paraster joannisboehmi (5169)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Netherlands (Limburg) Linthia sp., Schizasteridae indet. (32170)
Danian66.0 - 61.66USA (Arkansas) Linthia alabamensis (91870)
Danian66.0 - 61.66USA (Georgia) Linthia prima (155911) Linthia sp. (2832)