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Phlebotominae (sand fly)
Taxonomy
Phlebotominae was named by Rondani (1840). It is extant.
It was assigned to Phlebotomidae by Azar et al. (1999); and to Psychodidae by Stuckenberg (1975), Andrade Filho et al. (2006), Andrade Filho et al. (2009), Solórzano Kraemer and Wagner (2009), Ain Malak et al. (2013), Stebner et al. (2015), Pielowska et al. (2018), Azar et al. (2022), Tabakian (2025), Galati et al. (2025).
It was assigned to Phlebotomidae by Azar et al. (1999); and to Psychodidae by Stuckenberg (1975), Andrade Filho et al. (2006), Andrade Filho et al. (2009), Solórzano Kraemer and Wagner (2009), Ain Malak et al. (2013), Stebner et al. (2015), Pielowska et al. (2018), Azar et al. (2022), Tabakian (2025), Galati et al. (2025).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1840 | Phlebotominae Rondani |
| 1975 | Phlebotominae Stuckenberg p. 455 |
| 1999 | Phlebotominae Azar et al. |
| 2006 | Phlebotominae Andrade Filho et al. |
| 2009 | Phlebotominae Andrade Filho et al. p. 970 |
| 2009 | Phlebotominae Solórzano Kraemer and Wagner p. 63 |
| 2013 | Phlebotominae Ain Malak et al. p. 82 |
| 2015 | Phlebotominae Stebner et al. p. 18 |
| 2018 | Phlebotominae Pielowska et al. p. 243 |
| 2022 | Phlebotominae Azar et al. p. 341 |
| 2025 | Phlebotominae Galati et al. p. 4 |
| 2025 | Phlebotominae Tabakian p. 4 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. Phlebotominae Rondani 1840 [sand fly]
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G. †Eophlebotomus Cockerell 1920
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†Eophlebotomus carentonensis Azar et al. 2003
†Eophlebotomus connectens Cockerell 1920
†Eophlebotomus gezei Azar et al. 2003
Tr. Hertigiini Abonnenc and Léger 1976
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Subtr. Idiophlebotomina Artemiev 1991
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G. †Phlebotomites Hennig 1972
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†Phlebotomites aphoe Stebner et al. 2015
†Phlebotomites brevifilis Hennig 1972
†Phlebotomites burmaticus Ain Malak et al. 2013
†Phlebotomites grimaldii Ain Malak et al. 2013
†Phlebotomites longifilis Hennig 1972
†Phlebotomites neli Ain Malak et al. 2013
G. †Phlebotoiella Solórzano Kraemer and Wagner 2009
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†Phlebotoiella eoindianensis Solórzano Kraemer and Wagner 2009
Tr. Phlebotomini Rondani 1840
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Subtr. Lutzomyiina Abonnenc and Léger 1976
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G. Lutzomyia Franca 1927
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Invalid names: Fransaia Dyar and Nunez Tovar 1927 [objective synonym], Lutzia Franca 1920 [replaced], Lutziola Strand 1932 [objective synonym]
G. Pintomyia Costa Lima 1932
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Subg. Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) Ortiz and Scorza 1963
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†Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) paleotownsendi Andrade Filho et al. 2006
†Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) paleotrichia Andrade Filho et al. 2007
†Pintomyia adiketis Poinar 2008
†Pintomyia bolontikui Ibáñez-Bernal et al. 2014
†Pintomyia brazilorum Andrade Filho et al. 2006
†Pintomyia dissimilis Andrade Filho et al. 2009
†Pintomyia dominicana Andrade Filho et al. 2009
†Pintomyia falcaorum Brazil and Andrade Filho 2002
†Pintomyia filipalpis Peñalver and Grimaldi 2006
†Pintomyia killickorum Andrade Filho et al. 2004
†Pintomyia miocena Peñalver and Grimaldi 2006
†Pintomyia paleopestis Peñalver and Grimaldi 2006
†Pintomyia succini Peñalver and Grimaldi 2006
G. Trichopygomyia Barretto 1962
Subtr. Phlebotomina Rondani 1840
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G. Phlebotomus Rondani and Berte 1840
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†Phlebotomus khludae Kaddumi 2005
†Phlebotomus pungens Loew 1845
†Phlebotomus vetus Stebner et al. 2015
Invalid names: Philaematus Loew 1845 [synonym]
Subtr. Psychodopygina Galati 1995
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G. Psathyromyia Barretto 1962
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Subg. Psathyromyia (Forattiniella) Vargas 1978
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†Psathyromyia (Forattiniella) schleei Peñalver and Grimaldi 2006
Subtr. Sergentomyiina Galati 1995
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G. Micropygomyia Barretto 1962
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Subg. Micropygomyia (Sauromyia) Artemiev 1991
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†Micropygomyia (Sauromyia) dorafeliciangeliae Andrade Filho et al. 2009
†Micropygomyia (Sauromyia) paterna Quate 1963
†Micropygomyia brandaoi Andrade Filho et al. 2008
G. Sergentomyia Franca and Parrot 1920
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†Sergentomyia succini Stuckenberg 1975
Invalid names: Newsteadia Franca 1919 [replaced]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Bush and Bambach 2015, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Barremian to the top of the Holocene or 125.77000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 121.4 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 121.4 Ma
Collections (27 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Barremian | Lebanon | Eophlebotomus gezei (123416 124618) Eophlebotomus gezei, Mesophlebotomites hennigi, Libanophlebotomus lutfallahi, Xenophlebotomites eliei (122471) Libanophlebotomites ramyi (229464) Libanophlebotomus lutfallahi (123435 275912) Mesophlebotomites hennigi (153333) Phlebotomites brevifilis, Phlebotomites longifilis (124276) | |
| Albian | Jordan | Phlebotomus khludae (124847) | |
| Late/Upper Albian | France (Poitou-Charentes) | Eophlebotomus carentonensis (99114) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Myanmar | Eophlebotomus connectens (123020) Longiphlebes excelsior (187929) Phlebotomites aphoe, Phlebotomus vetus (173343) Phlebotomites grimaldii, Phlebotomites neli, Phlebotomites burmaticus (111688) Phlebotomus sp., Phlebotominae indet. (172900) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Myanmar (Kachin) | Palaeomyia burmitis (104053) | |
| Ypresian | India (Gujarat) | Phlebotoiella eoindianensis (124464) | |
| Priabonian | Russian Federation (Kaliningrad) | Phlebotomus tipuliformis (123927) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Mexico (Chiapas) | Phlebotomus paternus (124810) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Mexico | Lutzomyia sp. (21977) | |
| Burdigalian - Langhian | Dominican Republic | Lutzomyia adiketis (122472) Lutzomyia filipalpis, Lutzomyia succini, Lutzomyia miocena, Lutzomyia paleopestis (122982) Lutzomyia schleei (122474) Pintomyia paleotrichia, Pintomyia brazilorum, Pintomyia paleotownsendi, Micropygomyia brandaoi, Pintomyia dissimilis, Micropygomyia dorafeliciangeliae, Pintomyia dominicana, Trichopygomyia killickorum, Pintomyia falcaorum (125765) | |
| Holocene | Tanzania | Philaematus pungens (155726) Phlebotomus pungens (152189) Phlebotomus succini (123991) |