PBDB Taxon

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Protereisma

Insecta - Protereismatidae

Taxonomy

Protereisma was named by Sellards (1907). It is the type genus of Protereismidae.

It was assigned to Protereismidae by Handlirsch (1919), Handlirsch (1922); and to Protereismatidae by Carpenter (1933), Zalessky (1946), Zimmerman (1962), Carpenter (1979), Carpenter (1992), Willmann (2007).

Species

Pinctodia curta, P. apicalis, P. arcuatum, P. elongatum, P. insigne, P. latum, P. permianum (syn. Prodromus rectus, P. minus, P. gracile, Protechma acuminatum), P. rossenrayensis, P. sellardsi, P. uralicum, Rekter extensus

Synonyms

Protechma was named by Sellards (1907). Its type is Protechma acuminatum.

It was synonymized subjectively with Protereisma by Carpenter (1933), Carpenter (1992).

It was assigned to Protereismidae by Handlirsch (1919), Handlirsch (1922).
Prodromus was named by Sellards (1907). Its type is Prodromus rectus.

It was synonymized subjectively with Protereisma by Carpenter (1933), Carpenter (1992).

It was assigned to Protereismidae by Handlirsch (1919), Handlirsch (1922).
Bantiska was named by Sellards (1907). Its type is Bantiska elongata.

It was synonymized subjectively with Protereisma by Carpenter (1933), Carpenter (1992).

It was assigned to Protereismidae by Handlirsch (1919), Handlirsch (1922).
Rekter was named by Sellards (1907).

It was corrected as Recter by Handlirsch (1919), Handlirsch (1922); it was synonymized subjectively with Protereisma by Carpenter (1933), Carpenter (1992).

It was assigned to Protereismidae by Handlirsch (1919), Handlirsch (1922).
Pinctodia was named by Sellards (1907). Its type is Pinctodia curta.

It was synonymized subjectively with Protereisma by Carpenter (1933), Carpenter (1992).

It was assigned to Protereismidae by Handlirsch (1919), Handlirsch (1922).
Mecus was named by Sellards (1909). Its type is Scopus gracilis.

It was synonymized subjectively with Protereisma by Carpenter (1933), Carpenter (1992).

It was assigned to Protereismidae by Handlirsch (1919), Handlirsch (1922).
Scopus was named by Sellards (1907). Its type is Scopus gracilis.

It was replaced with Mecus by Sellards (1909), Handlirsch (1922); it was synonymized subjectively with Protereisma by Tillyard (1932).
Pinctodia curta was named by Sellards (1907). It is an impression. Its type locality is Elmo, Sellards collection, which is in an Artinskian pond limestone in the Wellington Formation of Kansas. It is the type species of Pinctodia.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Tillyard (1932).
Rekter extensus was named by Sellards (1907). It is an impression. Its type locality is Elmo, Sellards collection, which is in an Artinskian pond limestone in the Wellington Formation of Kansas.

It was recombined as Recter extensus by Handlirsch (1922); it was considered a nomen dubium by Tillyard (1932).
Therates was named by Sellards (1907). Its type is Therates planus.

It was replaced with Esca by Handlirsch (1922), Carpenter (1933).
Esca was named by Sellards (1909). Its type is Therates planus.

It was synonymized subjectively with Protereisma by Carpenter (1992).

It was assigned to Protereismidae by Handlirsch (1919), Handlirsch (1922).
Loxophlebia was named by Martynov (1928). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Protereisma by Carpenter (1992), Willmann (2007).

It was assigned to Protereismidae by Martynov (1928).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1907	Protereisma Sellards p. 347
1907	Bantiska Sellards p. 349
1907	Prodromus Sellards p. 349
1907	Protechma Sellards p. 349
1907	Rekter Sellards p. 349
1907	Rekter extensus Sellards p. 351 fig. 5
1907	Pinctodia Sellards p. 352
1907	Pinctodia curta Sellards p. 352 fig. 11
1907	Scopus Sellards p. 352
1907	Therates Sellards p. 354
1909	Esca Sellards p. 151
1909	Mecus Sellards p. 151
1919	Protechma Handlirsch p. 573
1919	Protereisma Handlirsch p. 573
1919	Bantiska Handlirsch p. 574
1919	Esca Handlirsch p. 574
1919	Mecus Handlirsch p. 574
1919	Pinctodia Handlirsch p. 574
1919	Prodromus Handlirsch p. 574
1919	Recter Handlirsch p. 574
1922	Bantiska Handlirsch p. 60
1922	Prodromus Handlirsch p. 60
1922	Protechma Handlirsch p. 60
1922	Protereisma Handlirsch p. 60
1922	Recter Handlirsch p. 60
1922	Recter extensus Handlirsch p. 60
1922	Esca Handlirsch p. 61
1922	Mecus Handlirsch p. 61
1922	Pinctodia Handlirsch p. 61
1922	Pinctodia curta Handlirsch p. 61
1928	Loxophlebia Martynov p. 8
1933	Protereisma Carpenter
1946	Protereisma Zalessky p. 351
1962	Protereisma Zimmerman p. 1327
1979	Protereisma Carpenter p. 264
1992	Protereisma Carpenter
2007	Protereisma Willmann p. 115

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Ecdysozoa	Aguinaldo et al. 1997
—	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
—	Deuteropoda
—	Mandibulata
—	Pancrustacea	Zrzavý and Štys 1997
—	Altocrustacea	Regier et al. 2010
superclass	Allotriocarida
—	Athalassocarida
—	Labiocarida	Schwentner et al. 2017

Rank	Name	Author
superclass	Hexapoda	Latreille 1825
—	Cercofilata
class	Insecta
—	Dicondylia
—	Paranotalia
subclass	Pterygota	()
infraclass	Hydropalaeoptera	Rohdendorf 1969
—	Euhydropalaeoptera
—	Panephemeroptera	Crampton 1928
—	Ephemerida	(Latreille 1810)
suborder	Permoplectoptera
family	Protereismatidae	()
genus	Protereisma

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Protereisma Sellards 1907

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†Protereisma apicalis Martynov 1928

†Protereisma arcuatum Sellards 1907

†Protereisma elongatum Sellards 1907

†Protereisma insigne Tillyard 1932

†Protereisma latum Sellards 1907

†Protereisma permianum Sellards 1907

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Invalid names: Prodromus rectus Sellards 1907 [synonym], Protechma acuminatum Sellards 1907 [synonym], Protereisma gracile Sellards 1907 [synonym], Protereisma minus Sellards 1907 [synonym]

†Protereisma rossenrayensis Guthörl 1965

†Protereisma sellardsi Tillyard 1932

†Protereisma uralicum Zalessky 1946

Invalid names: Bantiska Sellards 1907 [synonym], Esca Sellards 1909 [synonym], Loxophlebia Martynov 1928 [synonym], Mecus Sellards 1909 [synonym], Pinctodia Sellards 1907 [synonym], Pinctodia curta Sellards 1907 [nomen dubium], Prodromus Sellards 1907 [synonym], Protechma Sellards 1907 [synonym], Recter Sellards 1907 [synonym], Rekter Sellards 1907 [synonym], Rekter extensus Sellards 1907 [nomen dubium], Scopus Sellards 1907 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

chitinc

Environment:

terrestrialc

Locomotion:

actively mobilep

Created:

2017-04-17 09:56:18

Modified:

2017-04-17 09:56:18

Source: c = class, p = phylum

References: Kiessling 2004, Bush and Bambach 2015

Age range: base of the Artinskian to the top of the Wuchiapingian or 290.10000 to 254.14000 Ma

Collections (12 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Artinskian	290.1 - 283.3	USA (Oklahoma)	P. latum (104826) P. sp., P. arcuatum (107405)
Artinskian	290.1 - 283.3	USA (Kansas)	P. insigne (114151 114152) P. latum, P. permianum, Protechma acuminatum, Prodromus rectus, Scopus gracilis, P. minus, Bantiska elongata, Rekter arcuatus, Pinctodia curta, Rekter extensus (21979) P. latum, P. permianum, P. arcuatum, P. insigne (111319) P. latum, P. permianum, P. elongatum, P. arcuatum (111320) P. permianum (151412) P. sp., P. latum, P. permianum, P. minus, P. gracile, P. sellardsi, P. elongatum, P. arcuatum, P. insigne (111219)
Kungurian	283.3 - 274.4	Russian Federation	P. uralicum (161939)
Roadian	274.4 - 266.9	Russian Federation	Loxophlebia apicalis (116456)
Wuchiapingian	259.51 - 254.14	Germany	P. rossenrayensis (139720)