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Parastarte

Bivalvia - Cardiida - Veneridae

Taxonomy
Parastarte was named by Conrad (1862) [Sepkoski's age data: T Mi-u-l R Sepkoski's reference number: 1112]. It is extant. Its type is Estarte triquetra.

It was assigned to Gemminae by Woodring (1982); to Veneridae by Todd (2001); and to Veneroida by Sepkoski (2002).

Species
P. antillensis, P. psila, P. triquetra
Species lacking formal opinion data
P. chipolana

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1862Parastarte Conrad
1982Parastarte Woodring p. 708
2001Parastarte Todd
2002Parastarte Sepkoski

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
—Eubivalvia
subclassAutobranchia(Groblen 1894)
infraclassHeteroconchia(Gray 1854)
—CardiomorphiFerussac 1822
—CardioniFerussac 1822
RankNameAuthor
—CardiidiaFerussac 1822
—CardiataFerussac 1822
superorderCardiiformiiFerussac 1822
orderCardiidaFerussac 1822
suborderCardiidinaFerussac 1822
—Veneroidei(Gray 1854)
—VeneroiteiGray 1854
superfamilyVeneroidea(Rafinesque 1815)
familyVeneridaeRafinesque 1815
subfamilyMeretricinaeGray 1847
tribeMeretriciniGray 1847
subfamilyGemmina(Dall 1902)
genusParastarteConrad 1862

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Parastarte Conrad 1862
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†Parastarte antillensis Woodring 1925
†Parastarte psila Woodring 1982
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitef
Locomotion: facultatively mobileg
Life habit: infaunalg
Diet: suspension feederg
Vision: blindc
Comments: LIFE HISTORY: IS, MA, UN, SU according to Todd (2001).g
Created: 2009-09-04 16:37:30
Modified: 2009-09-04 18:37:30
Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class
References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Eocene to the top of the Holocene or 37.71000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 33.9 Ma

Collections (24 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9Panama P. sp. (42533 42538)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45Panama P. sp. (42607)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98USA (Florida) P. chipolana (42328)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Iraq P. sp. (173233)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Panama P. psila (93145)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Panama (Colon) P. sp. (136014)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58USA (Florida) P. sp. (75021)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117USA (Florida) P. triquetra (41749)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58USA (Florida) P. triquetra (59484)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Jamaica P. antillensis (58522)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774USA (Florida) Gemma triquetra (79338) P. sp. (75006 75008) P. triquetra (41501 41539 41718)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774USA (Florida) P. triquetra (41705)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (Florida) P. triquetra (61310)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) P. triquetra (41740 61311 96538)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Mississippi) P. sp. (92522 92523)