PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Polymesoda

Bivalvia - Cardiida - Corbiculidae

Taxonomy

Polymesoda was named by Rafinesque (1828) [Sepkoski's age data: T Than R Sepkoski's reference number: 914]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Cyrenidae by Olsson (1931); to Corbiculidae by Oostingh (1935), Vokes (1980), Woodring (1982), Lamprell and Healy (1998); to Veneroida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Polymesodinae by Bouchet et al. (2010).

Species

P. (Geloina), P. (Pseudocyrena), P. bravoensis, P. caroliniana, P. compressa, P. dumblei, P. falconensis, P. gabbiana (syn. Corbicula californica), P. subarata (syn. Corbicula semistriata), P. trigalensis

Species lacking formal opinion data

Cyrena acuta, Cyrena floridana, Cyrena pompholyx, P. atopum, P. brogniarti, P. cordata, P. dejaeri, P. nicaraguana, P. rutoti, P. solobris, P. strigosa, P. subarata, P. subarata, P. tenuis

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1828	Polymesoda Rafinesque
1931	Polymesoda Olsson p. 45
1935	Polymesoda Oostingh p. 168
1980	Polymesoda Vokes p. 163
1982	Polymesoda Woodring p. 679
1998	Polymesoda Lamprell and Healy p. 184
2002	Polymesoda Sepkoski
2010	Polymesoda Bouchet et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Bivalvia
—	Eubivalvia
subclass	Autobranchia	(Groblen 1894)
infraclass	Heteroconchia	(Gray 1854)

Rank	Name	Author
—	Cardiomorphi	Ferussac 1822
—	Cardioni	Ferussac 1822
—	Cardiidia	Ferussac 1822
—	Cardiata	Ferussac 1822
superorder	Cardiiformii	Ferussac 1822
order	Cardiida	Ferussac 1822
suborder	Cardiidina	Ferussac 1822
—	Veneroidei	(Gray 1854)
superfamily	Corbiculoidea	Gray 1847
family	Corbiculidae	Gray 1847
genus	Polymesoda	Rafinesque 1828

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Polymesoda Rafinesque 1828

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Subg. Polymesoda (Geloina) Gray 1840

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†Geloina hashimoto Kanno 1978

†Polymesoda (Geloina) tegalensis Oostingh 1935

Subg. Polymesoda (Pseudocyrena)

†Polymesoda bravoensis Olsson 1931

Polymesoda caroliniana Bosc 1801

†Polymesoda compressa Deshayes and Milne-Edwards 1835

†Polymesoda dumblei Anderson 1905

†Polymesoda falconensis Hodson 1931

†Polymesoda gabbiana Henderson 1920

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Invalid names: Corbicula californica Gabb 1866 [synonym]

†Polymesoda subarata Bronn 1837

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Invalid names: Corbicula semistriata Deshayes 1831 [synonym]

†Polymesoda subarata convexa Brongniart 1822

†Polymesoda trigalensis Olsson 1931

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragonitec

Environment:

brackish, freshwaterf

Locomotion:

facultatively mobileg

Life habit:

infaunalg

Diet:

suspension feederg

Vision:

blindc

Comments:

LIFE HISTORY: IS, MA, UN, SU according to Todd (2001).g

Created:

2009-09-09 07:36:46

Modified:

2009-09-09 09:36:46

Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class

References: Sanchez Roig 1926, Aberhan et al. 2004, Todd 2001

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Paleocene to the top of the Holocene or 66.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 61.66 Ma

Collections (66 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	Belgium	P. dejaeri (22931)
Early/Lower Paleocene - Middle Paleocene	66.0 - 59.24	United Kingdom (England)	P. cordata, P. strigosa (8083)
Thanetian	59.24 - 56.0	USA (California)	P. sp. (52607) P. tenuis (52609)
Early/Lower Eocene	56.0 - 48.07	Japan (Hokkaido)	Geloina hokkaidoensis (205814)
Lutetian	48.07 - 41.03	Japan	Geloina takaoi, Geloina hokkaidoensis (70900)
Lutetian	48.07 - 41.03	United Kingdom (England)	P. compressa (8124 8125)
Lutetian - Bartonian	48.07 - 37.71	Russian Federation	Corbicula gabbiana (50051)
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	Japan	Geloina hokkaidoensis (70903) Geloina takaoi (70905)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.71 - 33.9	Indonesia	Geloina hashimoto (78564)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.71 - 33.9	United Kingdom (England)	Cyrena semistriata (40102 40105 40267 40268 40271 40919 40920 40921 40925 40927 40928 40930)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	France (Essonne)	P. convexa (9180 9181 9183)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	Peru (Piura)	Cyrena bravoensis (55433) Cyrena trigalensis (55439)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	Japan	Geloina takaoi (68894)
Rupelian	33.9 - 27.3	Iran	P. brogniarti (111355)
Rupelian	33.9 - 27.3	Russian Federation	Corbicula gabbiana (49975 49980)
Rupelian	33.9 - 27.3	Belgium	P. subarata (111366 111367 111368 111371 111373)
Oligocene	33.9 - 23.04	Germany (Rheinland Pfalz)	P. convexa (37967 37979 37980 37981)
Oligocene	33.9 - 23.04	France (Essonne)	P. convexa (9270)
Chattian	27.3 - 23.04	USA (California)	Cyrena dumblei (11601)
Chattian	27.3 - 23.04	Hungary	P. convexa (8211)
Late/Upper Oligocene	27.3 - 23.04	Germany	P. sp. (70002)
Late/Upper Oligocene	27.3 - 23.04	Hungary	P. convexa (8338)
Late/Upper Oligocene	27.3 - 23.04	Panama	P. atopum (42557)
Aquitanian	23.04 - 20.45	Greece	P. subarata (172003)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	USA (California)	Corbicula dumblei (44897 44921) Cyrena dumblei (238216)
Langhian	15.98 - 13.82	Japan	Geloina yamanei (44958) Geloina yamanei, Geloina stachi (44961)
Middle Miocene	15.98 - 11.63	Japan	Geloina stachi, Geloina yamanei (77742)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	Colombia	Cyrena falconensis (97692)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	Argentina	P. solobris (71548)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Mexico (Guerrero)	P. nicaraguana (66169)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Indonesia	P. tegalensis (84520 84533)
Pliocene - Pleistocene	5.333 - 0.0117	Mexico (Michoacan)	P. sp. (66168)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	Indonesia	P. tegalensis (70084)
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.58	Indonesia (Sulawesi)	P. sp. (93635)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (South Carolina)	P. carolinensis (66760)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (North Carolina)	P. carolinensis (66742)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	India	P. sp. (76320)