PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Mesembriornithinae

Reptilia - Gruiformes - Phorusrhacidae

Taxonomy

Mesembriornithinae is a subfamily.

It was assigned to Phorusrhacidae by Alvarenga and Holfing (2003), Gould and Quitmyer (2005) and Bertelli et al. (2007).

Subtaxa

Llallawavis, Procariama

Synonyms

Prophororhacidae was named as a family.

It was reranked as the subfamily Prophororhacinae by Mourer-Chauviré (1981); it was synonymized subjectively with Mesembriornithinae by Alvarenga and Holfing (2003).

It was assigned to Cariamae by Cracraft (1968); and to Phorusrhacidae by Mourer-Chauviré (1981).
Hermosiornidae was named by Rovereto (1914).

It was synonymized subjectively with Mesembriornithinae by Alvarenga and Holfing (2003).

It was assigned to Aves by Rovereto (1914); and to Cariamae by Lambrecht (1933).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1914	Hermosiornidae Rovereto p. 163
1933	Hermosiornidae Lambrecht p. 516
1968	Prophororhacidae Cracraft p. 43
1981	Prophororhacinae Mourer-Chauviré p. 643
2003	Mesembriornithinae Alvarenga and Holfing p. 85
2005	Mesembriornithinae Gould and Quitmyer p. 205 figs. Table 2
2007	Mesembriornithinae Bertelli et al. p. 415

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda

Rank	Name	Author
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Theropoda	()
—	Neotheropoda
—	Averostra	Paul 2002
—	Tetanurae
—	Coelurosauria	()
—	Maniraptora
—	Paraves
class	Aves
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
—	Neognathae	(Pycraft 1900)
—	Neoaves	Sibley et al. 1988
—	Terrestrornithes
—	Telmatorae
superorder	Charadriimorphae	Huxley 1867
order	Gruiformes	Bonaparte 1854
suborder	Cariamae	Fürbringer 1888
family	Phorusrhacidae	()
subfamily	Mesembriornithinae
subfamily	Mesembriornithinae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. †Mesembriornithinae

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G. †Llallawavis Degrange et al. 2015

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†Llallawavis scagliai Degrange et al. 2015

G. †Procariama Rovereto 1914

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†Procariama simplex Rovereto 1914

Invalid names: Hermosiorninae Rovereto 1914 [synonym], Prophororhacinae [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yeso

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

solitaryo

Environment:

terrestrialf

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

carnivoref

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2009-01-03 19:06:43

Modified:

2009-01-03 21:06:43

Source: f = family, o = order

References: Witmer and Rose 1991, Marsh 1875

Age range: base of the Messinian to the top of the Montehermosan or 7.24600 to 3.80000 Ma

Collections (5 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Huayquerian	8.0 - 5.0	Argentina (Catamarca)	Procariama simplex (157794)
Huayquerian	8.0 - 5.0	Argentina (La Pampa)	Procariama simplex (87198)
Huayquerian - Montehermosan	8.0 - 3.8	Argentina (Catamarca)	Procariama simplex (206027)
Messinian	7.246 - 5.333	Argentina (Catamarca)	Procariama simplex (198820)
Chapadmalalan	4.0 - 3.0	Argentina (Buenos Aires)	Llallawavis scagliai (198849)