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Timoclea

Bivalvia - Cardiida - Veneridae

Taxonomy
Timoclea was named by Brown (1827) [Sepkoski's age data: T Mi-l-l R]. It is extant.

It was reranked as Chione (Timoclea) by Dall (1903).

It was assigned to Chione by Dall (1903); to Chioninae by Vokes (1980), Gazdzicki and Pugaczewska (1984); to Veneridae by Mukerjee (1939), Lamprell and Whitehead (1992), Todd (2001); and to Veneroida by Sepkoski (2002).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1827Timoclea Brown
1903Chione (Timoclea) Dall p. 1299
1939Timoclea Mukerjee p. 18
1980Timoclea Vokes p. 178
1984Timoclea Gazdzicki and Pugaczewska p. 104
1992Timoclea Lamprell and Whitehead p. 128
2001Timoclea Todd
2002Parvivenus Sepkoski
2002Timoclea Sepkoski

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
—Eubivalvia
subclassAutobranchia(Groblen 1894)
infraclassHeteroconchia(Gray 1854)
—CardiomorphiFerussac 1822
RankNameAuthor
—CardioniFerussac 1822
—CardiidiaFerussac 1822
—CardiataFerussac 1822
superorderCardiiformiiFerussac 1822
orderCardiidaFerussac 1822
suborderCardiidinaFerussac 1822
—Veneroidei(Gray 1854)
—VeneroiteiGray 1854
superfamilyVeneroidea(Rafinesque 1815)
familyVeneridaeRafinesque 1815
subfamilyVenerinaeRafinesque 1815
genusTimocleaBrown 1827

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Timoclea Brown 1827
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Subg. †Timoclea (Timoclea) Brown 1827
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†Timoclea (Timoclea) patera Soregnfrei 1958
Subg. Timoclea (Veremolpa) Iredale 1930
†Timoclea costellifera Adams and Reeve 1850
Timoclea grus Holmes 1858
Timoclea imbricata Sowerby 1826
†Timoclea marica Linnaeus 1758
Timoclea ovata Pennant 1777
Invalid names: Parvivenus [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitef
Locomotion: facultatively mobileg
Life habit: infaunalg
Diet: suspension feederg
Vision: blindc
Comments: LIFE HISTORY: IS, MA, UN, SU according to Todd (2001).g
Created: 2009-09-04 16:40:03
Modified: 2009-09-04 18:40:03
Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Aberhan et al. 2004, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Middle Eocene to the top of the Holocene or 48.07000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 37.71 Ma

Collections (144 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71Indonesia Veremolpa trigonalis (70102)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45France (Aquitaine) T. subspadicea, T. ovata (74865)
Aquitanian - Burdigalian23.04 - 15.98Germany T. ovata (171410)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98India T. subspadicea (72084 76573 76574 78641)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Italy T. ovata (178108 178110)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98USA (Florida) Chione sp. (42328)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Germany T. patera (111599)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98France (Bordeaux) T. subspadicea (48660)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Japan (Toyama) Veremolpa minoensis (219252)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Poland T. sobieski (51689) T. sobieskii (51690 51691 70539)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Bulgaria T. marginata (60288) T. ovata (60291 60312)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Indonesia Veremolpa minuta (70169 70171 70175 70181 70183 70185)
Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene15.98 - 5.333Pakistan T. sp. (55397)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63USA (Florida) Chione grus (94810) Chione sp. (43023)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Belgium T. ovata (77869)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Cyprus Venus ovata (34690 71883 71895 71905)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Greece (Thraki) Parvivenus sp. (205293)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Philippines Veremolpa tartaroensis (70138)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Philippines (Panay) Veremolpa trigonalis (41649)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Indonesia T. bataviana, T. recognita (70078)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Indonesia (Kalimantan) T. sp. (173685)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Indonesia (Borneo) T. bataviana, T. recognita (42388)
Tortonian - Messinian11.63 - 5.333Morocco T. ovata (173166)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy T. ovata (168730 207784)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Greece (Rhodes) T. ovata (122994)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Italy T. ovata (78335)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Venezuela (Sucre) Chione tacaguana (41552)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Ecuador Chione grus (131332)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6United Kingdom (England) T. ovata (55827) Venus imbricata (84795) Venus ovata (84755) Venus ovata, Venus imbricata (84763)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Belgium T. ovata (86801 86802)
Early/Lower Pliocene - Late/Upper Pliocene5.333 - 2.58USA (North Carolina) Chione grus (59330)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Antarctica T. sp. (41576)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58India T. semiradiata, T. sp. A (77658)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Papua New Guinea Venus imbricata (78263)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Costa Rica Chione grus (134657)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Pakistan T. cochinensis, T. roemeriana, T. sp. (55399) T. cochinensis, T. sp. (55400) T. roemeriana, T. sp. (55398) T. scabra (77293)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Indonesia T. bataviana (70087 70089 71925)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Japan Veremolpa micra (97111)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.58Netherlands (Noord-Brabant) T. ovata (59003)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Malaysia T. bataviana (72092 72096 72097 72098 72100 72102)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Indonesia (East Java) T. sp. (96670)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58United Kingdom (England) Venus imbricata (84764) Venus ovata, Venus imbricata (84759)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58USA (North Carolina) Chione grus (59307 59309)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Australia (Western Australia) T. protomarica (63352)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Philippines (Panay) Veremolpa gonzalesi (41664)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Venezuela T. tacaguana (131210 131217)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58USA (Florida) Chione grus (59484)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Italy (Emilia-Romagna) T. ovata (178117)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Belgium T. ovata (86803 86804 86805 86806)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Belgium T. ovata (86807)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774USA (North Carolina) Chione grus (59316 59318 80035) T. grus, Chione grus (80033)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Australia (South Australia) T. kendricki (63379)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774USA (South Carolina) Chione grus (92408)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Italy T. ovata (78312)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774United Kingdom (England) Venus ovata (97962 97963 97964 97965 97966 97967 97968 97969)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774USA (Florida) Chione grus (41497 41501 41718 61309 79331 80357 80358)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Pakistan T. cochinensis, T. scabra, T. sp. (55402) T. siamensis (55401)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117USA (North Carolina) Chione grus (59313)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Mexico (Baja California) Chione picta (96590)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Philippines (Panay) Veremolpa bataviana (41651)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117South Africa Chione costellifera (122941)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774USA (Florida) Chione grus (41705)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774South Africa T. costellifera (173265)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (Florida) Chione grus (61310 67069)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117USA (California) Chione picta (222954)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Pakistan T. arakanensis (77300)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Mexico (Baja California) Chione picta (96591)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117Kenya T. marica (81080 81089 81091 81098 81099)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) Chione grus (66758 66760)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Chione picta (96566 160361 219029 219030 222955 223524)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Chione grus (34269 61311) T. grus (96538)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Seychelles T. marica (81011) T. sp., T. marica (81009)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Louisiana) T. grus (41935 92776)