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Hardyoides

Artiopoda - Ptychopariida - Norwoodiidae

Taxonomy
Hardyoides was named by Kobayashi (1938) [Sepkoski's age data: Cm uMid-u O Trem Sepkoski's reference number: 1,459]. It is not extant.

It was assigned to Norwoodiidae by Jell and Adrain (2002); and to Ptychopariida by Sepkoski (2002).

Species
H. damaensis, H. mimicus, H. sinensis, H. tenerus
Species lacking formal opinion data
H. aspinosa, H. minor
Entered
by J. Sepkoski on 2003-01-23; modified by D. van Oyen on 2013-04-30

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1938Hardyoides Kobayashi
1940Norwoodina Lochman p. 48
2002Hardyoides Jell and Adrain p. 382
2002Hardyoides Sepkoski

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—EcdysozoaAguinaldo et al. 1997
—Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaGravenhorst 1843
RankNameAuthor
classArtiopodaHou and Bergstrom
classTrilobitaWalch 1771
subclassLibristoma
orderPtychopariidaSwinnerton 1915
familyNorwoodiidaeWalcott 1916
genusHardyoidesKobayashi 1938

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Hardyoides Kobayashi 1938
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†Hardyoides damaensis Duan 2004
†Hardyoides mimicus Palmer 1965
†Hardyoides sinensis Peng 1992
†Hardyoides tenerus Walcott 1916
Invalid names: Norwoodina Lochman 1940 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitec
Composition 2: chitinc
Entire body: yesg
Adult length: 1.0 to < 10g
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10g
Spines: noneg
Ontogeny: molting, addition of partsc
Environment: marinec
Locomotion: fast-movingc
Life habit: low-level epifaunalc
Diet: suspension feederf
Vision: well-developedf
Comments: BODY SIZE: Data from Harrington et al. (1959).g
Created: 2009-06-11 07:36:22
Modified: 2009-06-11 09:36:22
Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Whittington et al. 1997, Hendy 2009

Age range: base of the Guzhangian to the top of the Tremadoc or 500.50000 to 477.10000 Ma

Collections (45 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Menevian504.5 - 499.5USA (South Dakota) H. tenerus (8272 8273 8274 8275)
Menevian504.5 - 499.5USA (Utah) H. sp. (10572)
Marjumian504.5 - 497.0USA (Utah) H. tenerus (230681)
Guzhangian500.5 - 497.0USA (Texas) Holcacephalus tenerus (208649 208668 208686 208986 208987)
Steptoean497.0 - 493.5USA (Nevada) H. mimicus (111322 111323)
Sakian497.0 - 492.8Kazakhstan H. sp. (118305 118309 118310 118312 118313 118328 118330 118332 118333 118339 118341 118342 118344 118345 118346 118348)
Sakian497.0 - 492.8Russian Federation (Altai (Region)) H. sp. (10061 10063)
Dresbachian497.0 - 486.85Canada (Yukon) H. minor (55278) H. tenerus (55211 55217)
Dresbachian497.0 - 486.85USA (Alaska) H. aspinosa (64801)
Dresbachian497.0 - 486.85USA (Wyoming) Holcacephalus tenerus (9052 9053 9054 9055 9056 9057)
Furongian497.0 - 486.85China (Hunan) H. damaensis (124979)
Taoyuanian495.2 - 486.85China (Hunan) H. sinensis (126658 126688)
Tremadoc486.4 - 477.1USA (Vermont) H. sp. (277)