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Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon

Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Mitsukurinidae

Taxonomy

Lamna (Odontaspis) rhaphiodon was named by Agassiz (1843). Its type specimen is BMNH 4582-3, a set of teeth, and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was recombined as Lamna raphiodon by Agassiz (1843); it was recombined as Odontaspis raphiodon by Barrois (1874); it was recombined as Scapanorhynchus (Odontaspis) rhaphiodon by Priem (1896); it was recombined as Lamna rhaphiodon by Hay (1902); it was recombined as Scapanorhynchus raphiodon by Dalinkevičius (1935), Weiler (1964), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Williamson et al. (1989), Cappetta and Case (1999), Case et al. (2001), Cicimurri (2004), Becker et al. (2010), Hamm and Cicimurri (2011), Retzler et al. (2013), Guinot et al. (2013), Bice and Shimada (2016), Amalfitano et al. (2020), Maisch et al. (2021); it was recombined as Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon by Woodward (1889), Chapman (1918), Applegate (1970), Uyeno (1972), Herman (1977), Müller and Diedrich (1991), Jambura et al. (2024).

Sister species lacking formal opinion data

S. maslinensis, S. praeraphidion, S. rhapiodon

Synonyms

Lamna hectori was named by Davis (1888).

It was synonymized subjectively with Scapanorhynchus raphiodon by Chapman (1918).
Lamna plicatella was named by Reuss (1845).

It was synonymized subjectively with Scapanorhynchus raphiodon by Weiler (1964); it was synonymized subjectively with Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon by Herman (1977).
Lamna striola was named by Zaręczny (1878). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Krzemionki hill, Podgórze (conglomerate), which is in a Cenomanian/Turonian carbonate limestone in Poland.

It was synonymized subjectively with Scapanorhynchus raphiodon by Weiler (1964); it was synonymized subjectively with Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon by Herman (1977).
Lamna striatella was named by Zaręczny (1878). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Krzemionki hill, Podgórze (conglomerate), which is in a Cenomanian/Turonian carbonate limestone in Poland.

It was synonymized subjectively with Scapanorhynchus raphiodon by Weiler (1964); it was synonymized subjectively with Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon by Herman (1977).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1843	Lamna raphiodon Agassiz figs. Pl 37a, figs 11-16
1843	Lamna (Odontaspis) rhaphiodon Agassiz p. 296 figs. Plate 37a, Figs. 12-16
1845	Lamna plicatella Reuss
1874	Odontaspis raphiodon Barrois p. 108
1878	Lamna striola Zaręczny p. 204 figs. Pl 5, fig 6
1878	Lamna striatella Zaręczny p. 205 figs. Pl 8, fig 10
1888	Lamna hectori Davis p. 21 figs. Plate III, Fig. 16
1889	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon Woodward p. 353
1896	Scapanorhynchus (Odontaspis) rhaphiodon Priem p. 15 figs. Pl 2, figs 1-6
1902	Lamna rhaphiodon Hay p. 303
1918	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon Chapman p. 10
1935	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon Dalinkevičius p. 266 figs. Pl 3, figs 70,71
1964	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon Weiler p. 8
1970	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon Applegate p. 395
1972	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon Uyeno p. 224
1977	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon Herman p. 175 figs. Pl 7, fig 1
1981	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon Thurmond and Jones p. 46
1989	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon Williamson et al. p. 239 figs. 2A-E
1991	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon Müller and Diedrich p. 28
1999	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon Cappetta and Case p. 19 figs. Pl 11, figs 5-11
2001	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon Case et al. p. 91 figs. Pl 4, figs 65-68,71,72,75-82
2004	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon Cicimurri p. 10 fig. 5G
2010	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon Becker et al. p. 255 figs. 5.2-5.5
2011	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon Hamm and Cicimurri p. 113 fig. 4E
2013	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon Guinot et al. p. 644 figs. 19C'-G'
2013	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon Retzler et al. p. 85 fig. 3F
2016	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon Bice and Shimada p. 175 figs. 2G-I
2020	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon Amalfitano et al. p. 264 figs. 3A-C
2021	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon Maisch et al. pp. 5, 11 figs. A, E
2024	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon Jambura et al. p. 17 figs. 10A-I

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Chondrichthyes

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Euselachii	()
—	Neoselachii	Compagno 1977
superorder	Galeomorphii	Compagno 1973
order	Lamniformes	Berg 1958
family	Mitsukurinidae	Jordan 1898
genus	Scapanorhynchus
species	rhaphiodon	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon Agassiz 1843

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Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

marinesubp

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

nektonico

Diet:

carnivoreo

Created:

2009-07-21 07:05:21

Modified:

2009-07-21 09:05:21

Source: o = order, subp = subphylum

References: Wagner 2023, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Albian to the top of the Early/Lower Eocene or 113.20000 to 48.07000 Ma

Collections (70 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Albian	113.2 - 100.5	France	Odontaspis raphiodon (242187)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Russian Federation (Saratov)	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (241522 241524)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Germany (Westphalia)	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon (210063)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	France	Odontaspis raphiodon (242179)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Lithuania	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (90732 213713 213719 213720)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Italy	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (214600)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	France	Odontaspis raphiodon (242188) Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon (241896)
Late/Upper Cretaceous	100.5 - 66.0	Japan (Hokkaido)	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon (161435)
Early/Lower Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	United Kingdom (England)	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon (4072)
Early/Lower Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Belgium	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon (241978)
Late/Upper Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (Texas)	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (213299)
Late/Upper Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (Wyoming)	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (241390)
Middle Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	France	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon (241894)
Middle Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (Nebraska)	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (213389)
Middle Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (New Mexico)	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (179267)
Middle Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Poland	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (157553)
Middle Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (Kansas)	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (35365 213387)
Middle Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (Utah)	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (145187)
Middle Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Belgium	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon (241974)
Middle Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (South Dakota)	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (241389)
Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (Utah)	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (236738)
Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	France (Charente)	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (161748)
Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (South Dakota)	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (181902)
Turonian - Coniacian	93.9 - 85.7	USA (New Mexico)	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (56389 221290)
Turonian - Santonian	93.9 - 83.6	Kazakhstan	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (241521)
Coniacian	89.8 - 85.7	Congo-Brazzaville	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (1368)
Coniacian	89.8 - 85.7	Angola (Bengo)	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (60168)
Coniacian	89.8 - 85.7	United Kingdom (Northern Ireland)	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (213383)
Early/Lower Coniacian	89.8 - 85.7	Belgium	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon (241895)
Early/Lower Coniacian	89.8 - 85.7	USA (Texas)	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (241388)
Coniacian - Santonian	89.8 - 83.6	Belgium (Namur)	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon (51518)
Early/Lower Santonian - Middle Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	USA (Georgia)	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (61769)
Late/Upper Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	Kazakhstan	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon (241600)
Late/Upper Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	France (Aisne)	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (213563)
Late/Upper Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	France (Somme)	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon (141941)
Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	Russian Federation (Orenburg)	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon (232890)
Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	France	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (242281)
Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	Israel	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (237920 237922)
Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	Egypt (Al Jizah)	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon (38659 38661)
Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	USA (Alabama)	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon (81928)
Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian	85.7 - 72.2	USA (Alabama)	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon (81931 81932 81972 82043 82049)
Late/Upper Santonian - Middle Campanian	85.7 - 72.2	USA (Alabama)	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon (82050)
Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian	85.7 - 72.2	Israel	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (237918 237924 237925)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	New Zealand (South Island)	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon (101382)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Kazakhstan	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (241395) Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon (241612 241614 241615)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	United Kingdom (England)	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (213378)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Germany	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (241700)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	France (Aisne)	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (213559)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	France (Ardennes)	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (157587)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Israel	Scapanorhynchus raphiodon (35443)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Alabama)	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon (82046)
Early/Lower Eocene	56.0 - 48.07	Niger (Tahoua)	Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon (75233)