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Pentremitida

Blastoidea - Pentremitida

Taxonomy
Pentremitida was named by Matsumoto (1929). It is not extant.

It was assigned to Spiraculata by Waters and Horowitz (1993); and to Blastoidea by Lane et al. (2001), Bohatý et al. (2024).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1929Pentremitida Matsumoto
1993Pentremitida Waters and Horowitz p. 210
2001Pentremitida Lane et al.
2024Pentremitida Bohatý et al. p. 14

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
RankNameAuthor
subphylumBlastozoa
classBlastoideaSay 1825
superorderSpiraculata(Jaekel 1918)
orderPentremitidaMatsumoto 1929
orderPentremitidaMatsumoto 1929

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. †Pentremitida Matsumoto 1929
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Fm. †Ambolostomatidae Horowitz et al. 1986
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G. †Ambolostoma Peck 1930
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†Ambolostoma baileyi Peck 1930
Fm. †Conuloblastidae Bohatý et al. 2024
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G. †Conuloblastus Breimer and Dop 1975
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†Conuloblastus malladae Etheridge and Carpenter 1883
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Invalid names: Cordyloblastus alejensis Briemer 1970 [synonym]
G. †Hreggoblastus Bohatý et al. 2024
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†Hreggoblastus differentialis Bohatý et al. 2024
Fm. †Hyperoblastidae Fay 1964
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G. †Absensoblastus Bohatý et al. 2024
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†Absensoblastus batheri Breimer and Dop 1975
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Invalid names: Cordyloblastus malladai Breimer 1971 [synonym]
G. †Altusoblastus Bohatý et al. 2024
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Invalid names: Cordyloblastus junkerbergiana Hauser 2016 [synonym]
†Altusoblastus eremitus Bohatý et al. 2024
†Altusoblastus palliolatus Bohatý et al. 2024
†Altusoblastus roemeri Etheridge and Carpenter 1886
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Invalid names: Pentremites eifeliensis Roemer 1855 [synonym]
†Altusoblastus schultzei Etheridge and Carpenter 1886
G. †Calycoblastus Wanner 1924
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†Calycoblastus tricavatus Wanner 1924
†Calycoblastus tricavatus Wanner 1924
Subfm. †Eleutherocrininae Bather 1899
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G. †Eleutherocrinus Shumard and Yandell 1856
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†Eleutherocrinus cassedayi Shumard and Yandell 1856
Subfm. †Hyperoblastinae Fay 1964
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G. †Devonoblastus Reimann 1935
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†Devonoblastus whiteavesi Riemann 1935
G. †Petaloblastus Fay 1961
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†Petaloblastus ovalis Goldfuss 1829
G. †Sinopetaloblastus Lane et al. 1997
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†Sinopetaloblastus grabaui Waters et al. 2003
†Sinopetaloblastus jinxingae Lane et al. 1997
G. †Hyperoblastus Fay 1961
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†Hyperoblastus acutangulus Schultze 1866
†Hyperoblastus angulatus Etheridge and Carpenter 1882
†Hyperoblastus clavatus Schultze 1866
†Hyperoblastus emuhaensis Waters et al. 2003
†Hyperoblastus filosa Whiteaves 1889
†Hyperoblastus gilbertsoni Etheridge and Carpenter 1886
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Invalid names: Cordyloblastus giganteum Hauser and Landeta 2013 [synonym]
†Hyperoblastus goldringae Reimann 1935
†Hyperoblastus ludwigi Bohatý et al. 2024
†Hyperoblastus wachsmuthi Etheridge and Carpenter 1886
G. †Pentahedronoblastus Bohatý et al. 2024
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†Pentahedronoblastus giesdorfensis Bohatý et al. 2024
Fm. †Orbitremitidae Bather 1899
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G. †Doryblastus Fay 1961
G. †Ellipticoblastus Fay 1960
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G. †Globoblastus Hambach 1903
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†Globoblastus norwoodi Owen and Shumard 1850
G. †Houiblastus Lane 1997
G. †Monoschizoblastus Cline 1936
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†Monoschizoblastus rofei Etheridge and Carpenter 1882
G. †Nodoblastus Fay 1963
G. †Orbitremites Austin and Austin 1842
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†Orbitremites norwoodi Owen and Shumard 1850
Fm. †Pentremitidae d'Orbigny 1851
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G. †Cordyloblastus Fay 1961
G. †Montanablastus Sprinkle and Gutschick 1990
G. †Pentremites Say 1820
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†Pentremites aridus Webster and Lane 1970
†Pentremites clavatus Hambach 1880
†Pentremites conoideus Hall 1856
†Pentremites cristalensis Macurder 1964
†Pentremites elongatus Shumard 1855
†Pentremites godoni Defrance 1819
†Pentremites kirki Hambach 1903
†Pentremites pentremites Hernon 1935
†Pentremites pulchellus Ulrich 1917
†Pentremites rusticus Hambach 1903
†Pentremites stelliformis Owen and Shumard 1850
G. †Pentremoblastus Fay and Koenig 1963
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†Pentremoblastus conicus Fay and Koeing 1963
†Pentremoblastus subovalis Fay and Koenig 1963
G. †Rhopaloblastus Wanner 1924
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†Rhopaloblastus belfordi Crockford and Brown 1940
†Rhopaloblastus cuspidus Webster and Jell 1992
G. †Strongyloblastus Fay 1962
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Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
J.A. Waters and A.S. Horowitz 1993Pyriform to godoniform theca; four spiracles (may be split by septum) and an anispiracle; deltoid faces in mostgenera; lancets partiallyto completelyexposed; includes the Hyperoblastidae, Pentremitidae, and Orbitremitidae. The Pentrernitida is characterized typically by four spiracles and an anispiracle.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calcitep
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marinep
Locomotion: stationaryc
Attached: yesc
Life habit: intermediate-level epifaunalc
Diet: suspension feederc
Vision: blindc
Dispersal: waterp
Dispersal 2: planktonicp
Created: 2004-02-28 15:52:18
Modified: 2010-02-09 11:56:54
Source: c = class, p = phylum
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Aberhan 1992

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Emsian to the top of the Roadian or 399.50000 to 266.90000 Ma

Collections (189 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Emsian - Givetian410.62 - 382.31Morocco Hyperoblastus clavatus (208245)
Late/Upper Emsian399.5 - 393.47Spain Absensoblastus batheri (238331) Hyperoblastus wachsmuthi (144738) Pentremitidea malladae, Hyperoblastus angulatus (238337)
Late/Upper Emsian399.5 - 393.47Germany Altusoblastus sp. 2 (238329)
Late/Upper Emsian399.5 - 393.47Spain (Asturias) Hreggoblastus differentialis (39706)
Early/Lower Eifelian393.47 - 390.5Germany (Eifel) Altusoblastus sp. 1 (222844)
Early/Lower Eifelian393.47 - 390.5Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia) Altusoblastus sp. 1 (238326 238327)
Early/Lower Eifelian393.47 - 390.5Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) Altusoblastus palliolatus (229154)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) Hyperoblastus eifelensis (154338)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95Germany Altusoblastus eifeliensis (238319 238320)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) Pentahedronoblastus giesdorfensis (238318)
Middle Devonian393.47 - 382.31USA (New York) Devonoblastus leda, Eleutherocrinus sp. (91240) Eleutherocrinus sp. (91277)
Late/Upper Eifelian390.5 - 387.95Germany (Eifel) Altusoblastus eremitus, Hyperoblastus clavatus (238321) Altusoblastus roemeri (238322)
Early/Lower Givetian387.95 - 385.9Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Hyperoblastus clavatus (38362)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31USA (New York) Devonoblastus sp. (10459) Eleutherocrinus cassedayi (206793) Hyperoblastus goldringae (5659) Hyperoblastus sp. (5657)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Canada (Ontario) Eleutherocrinus cassedayi, Devonoblastus whiteavesi (230498)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31China (Heilongjiang) Devonoblastus heitaiensis (25871)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Germany (Eifel) Hyperoblastus acutangulus, Hyperoblastus ludwigi (238325)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31USA (Michigan) Hyperoblastus reimanni (38475)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31USA (Ohio) Hyperoblastus reimanni (38457 38462 38464)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31USA (Indiana) Eleutherocrinus cassadayi (230499)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Germany Hyperoblastus acutangulus, Hyperoblastus gilbertsoni (144264)
Tioughniogan387.95 - 382.31USA (New York) Devonoblastus whiteavesi (230508) Hyperoblastus perovalis, Hyperoblastus goldringae (230507)
Late/Upper Givetian383.4 - 382.31Spain Altusoblastus schultzei (27612)
Late/Upper Frasnian375.2 - 372.15Australia (Western Australia) Hyperoblastus buglensis (38996)
Famennian372.15 - 358.86Mongolia (Hovd) Houiblastus devonicus (222971)
Famennian372.15 - 358.86China (Xinjiang) Houiblastus devonicus (3561 124085) Sinopetaloblastus grabaui (124074) Sinopetaloblastus jinxingae (3563 3564 123199 124087)
Kinderhookian358.86 - 351.9Canada (Alberta) Pentremites sp., Pentremites conoideus (8610)
Kinderhookian358.86 - 351.9USA (Illinois) Pentremoblastus sp. (5749)
Mississippian358.86 - 323.4USA (Arizona) Pentremites sp. (124289)
Carboniferous358.86 - 298.9USA (Arizona) Pentremites sp. (124288)
Carboniferous358.86 - 298.9USA (Montana) Pentremites sp. (12771)
Carboniferous358.86 - 298.9USA (Georgia) Pentremites cava (164684)
Osagean351.9 - 342.9USA (Iowa) Globoblastus norwoodi (230497)
Osagean351.9 - 342.9USA (New Mexico) Pentremites sp. (64758)
Osagean351.9 - 342.9USA (Utah) Ambolostoma baileyi (230484)
Osagean351.9 - 342.9USA (Kentucky) Orbitremites coralridgensis, Orbitremites kentuckyensis (59889)
Osagean351.9 - 342.9USA (Missouri) Globoblastus norwoodi (230504)
Chadian346.7 - 339.9United Kingdom (England) Orbitremites ellipticus (5983)
Chadian - Arundian346.7 - 339.9USA (Kentucky) Orbitremites sp. (562)
Meramecian342.9 - 335.4USA (Kentucky) Pentremites conoideus (2779 2780 2781 2826 2828 2829 2831) Pentremites princetonensis, Pentremites conoideus (2713)
Meramecian342.9 - 335.4Canada (Alberta) Pentremites konincki, Pentremites conoideus (62396) Pentremites sp. (62388)
Meramecian342.9 - 335.4USA (Indiana) Pentremites conoideus (2833 2835) Pentremites sp. (6699)
Meramecian342.9 - 335.4USA (New Mexico) Pentremites conoideus (10182)
Meramecian342.9 - 335.4USA (Virginia) Pentremites sp. (7044)
Meramecian342.9 - 335.4Canada (Yukon) Pentremites sp. (569)
Meramecian342.9 - 335.4Canada (Northwest Territories) Pentremites sp. (62434)
Asbian339.9 - 335.9Ireland Monoschizoblastus rofei (230514)
Asbian339.9 - 335.9United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) Orbitremites derbiensis (211902)
Brigantian335.9 - 330.3USA (Illinois) Pentremites tulipaformis (25)
Brigantian335.9 - 330.3USA (Alabama) Pentremites sp. (2710 6747 6749 6751 6754 6757 6759 6763 6764 6765 6766 6769 6773 6777 6780 6782 6789 6790 6791 6792 6793 6794 6795 6798 6799 6800 6801 6803 6804 6805 6806 6807 6808 6809 6811 6812 6823 6831 6835 6837 6841 6844 6845 6846 6847)
Brigantian - Pendleian335.9 - 326.9USA (Pennsylvania) Pentremites sp. (2774)
Brigantian - Pendleian335.9 - 326.9USA (Indiana) Pentremites clavatus (7017) Pentremites okawensis (7027) Pentremites okawensis, Pentremites pyriformis, Pentremites platybasis (7019) Pentremites pyramidatus, Pentremites abruptus (7031) Pentremites pyriformis, Pentremites girtyi, Pentremites okawensis, Pentremites pyramidatus, Pentremites elegans, Pentremites platybasis (7029) Pentremites pyriformis, Pentremites girtyi, Pentremites okawensis, Pentremites pyramidatus, Pentremites patei, Pentremites elegans, Pentremites springeri, Pentremites platybasis (7014) Pentremites pyriformis, Pentremites girtyi, Pentremites okawensis, Pentremites springeri, Pentremites tulipaformis, Pentremites platybasis, Pentremites clavatus (7005) Pentremites pyriformis, Pentremites okawensis (7025) Pentremites pyriformis, Pentremites okawensis, Pentremites abruptus (7021) Pentremites pyriformis, Pentremites okawensis, Pentremites springeri (7024) Pentremites pyriformis, Pentremites okawensis, Pentremites springeri, Pentremites clavatus (7015) Pentremites pyriformis, Pentremites patei, Pentremites abruptus, Pentremites angularis (7018) Pentremites pyriformis, Pentremites welleri (7012) Pentremites tulipaformis (7028)
Chesterian335.4 - 323.4USA (Illinois) Pentremites godoni (20) Pentremites pulchellus (230494 230532)
Chesterian335.4 - 323.4USA (Virginia) Pentremites sp. (7035 7043) Pentremites sp., Pentremites planus (7030)
Chesterian335.4 - 323.4USA (Iowa) Pentremites princetonensis, Pentremites conoideus, Pentremites pulchellus (120832) Pentremites pulchellus (3296)
Chesterian335.4 - 323.4USA (Alabama) Pentremites laminatus (2853)
Chesterian335.4 - 323.4USA (Indiana) Pentremites abruptus, Pentremites pyramidatus (6888) Pentremites elegans (26 6878 6880) Pentremites pyramidatus (6879 6882) Pentremites robustus, Pentremites pyriformis (27) Pentremites welleri (6889)
Chesterian335.4 - 323.4USA (Kentucky) Pentremites elegans (206292) Pentremites godoni (21 230531) Pentremites tulipiaformis (23)
Chesterian335.4 - 323.4USA (Tennessee) Pentremites princetonensis, Pentremites pulchellus (90811)
Chesterian335.4 - 323.4USA (Arizona) Pentremites sp. (124256)
Chesterian335.4 - 323.4USA (Oklahoma) Pentremites sp. (12788)
Chesterian335.4 - 323.4USA (Nevada) Pentremites sp. (77065)
Pendleian330.3 - 326.9USA (Illinois) Pentremites obesus (7068) Pentremites okawensis, Pentremites springeri, Pentremites clavatus (7066) Pentremites pyriformis, Pentremites okawensis (7070) Pentremites springeri (7072)
Pendleian330.3 - 326.9USA (Kentucky) Pentremites okawensis, Pentremites elegans, Pentremites springeri (7062) Pentremites okawensis, Pentremites platybasis (7060) Pentremites platybasis, Pentremites elegans, Pentremites spicatus, Pentremites tulipaformis, Pentremites pyramidatus, Pentremites welleri, Pentremites abruptus, Pentremites symmetricus, Pentremites girtyi (6964) Pentremites pyriformis, Pentremites okawensis, Pentremites springeri (7061) Pentremites pyriformis, Pentremites okawensis, Pentremites welleri, Pentremites elegans, Pentremites springeri, Pentremites clavatus (7063) Pentremites spicatus, Pentremites halli (6965) Pentremites tulipaformis (22)
Pendleian330.3 - 326.9USA (Indiana) Pentremites angularis, Pentremites robustus, Pentremites pyramidatus (6936) Pentremites halli (6928) Pentremites hambachi, Pentremites maccalliei, Pentremites robustus, Pentremites tulilpaformis, Pentremites patei, Pentremites pyriformis, Pentremites pyramidatus, Pentremites welleri, Pentremites buttsi, Pentremites symmetricus, Pentremites girtyi, Pentremites okawensis (6962) Pentremites okawensis (6940) Pentremites platybasis, Pentremites elegans, Pentremites tulipaformis, Pentremites pyriformis, Pentremites pyramidatus, Pentremites welleri, Pentremites abruptus, Pentremites symmetricus, Pentremites girtyi, Pentremites okawensis, Pentremites clavatus (6963) Pentremites platybasis, Pentremites springeri, Pentremites tulipaformis, Pentremites patei, Pentremites pyriformis, Pentremites pyramidatus, Pentremites abruptus, Pentremites symmetricus, Pentremites okawensis, Pentremites girtyi, Pentremites clavatus (6938) Pentremites tulipaformis, Pentremites patei, Pentremites pyriformis, Pentremites pyramidatus, Pentremites welleri, Pentremites okawensis (6941) Pentremites tulipaformis, Pentremites pyriformis, Pentremites pyramidatus, Pentremites welleri (6944)
Serpukhovian330.3 - 323.4USA (Alabama) Pentremites tulipaformis (24)
Morrowan323.4 - 318.6USA (Arkansas) Pentremites sp. (111781)
Sakmarian293.52 - 290.1Australia (Western Australia) Rhopaloblastus cuspidus (120562) Rhopaloblastus sp. (95195)
Artinskian290.1 - 283.3Australia (New South Wales) Calycoblastus sp. (42680)
Kungurian283.3 - 274.4Australia (Queensland) Rhopaloblastus belfordi (101561)
Roadian274.4 - 266.9Australia (New South Wales) Tricoelocrinus belfordi (150826 150827)